Fatty Acid Oxidation Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the process of generating acetyl-CoA from fatty acids called?
𝛽-oxidation pathway
The 𝛽-oxidation pathway involves a sequential 2-carbon unit degradation of fatty acids to produce energy.
What is the key carbon in the 𝛽-oxidation pathway that is oxidized before the carbon chain is broken?
𝛽 carbon
What is required to convert a fatty acid to a fatty acyl-CoA in the cytosol?
ATP energy
What transporter is needed to shuttle fatty acyl-CoA into mitochondria?
Carnitine transporter
What are the products of one round of 𝛽-oxidation of a fatty acid?
- FADH2
- NADH
- Acetyl-CoA
- Fatty acid chain that is two carbons shorter
In the first step of 𝛽-oxidation, what does FAD oxidize?
Fatty acyl-CoA
What enzyme is involved in the addition of H2O to form an -OH group on the 𝛽 carbon?
Enoyl-CoA hydratase
What happens to the -OH group on the 𝛽 carbon in step three of 𝛽-oxidation?
It is oxidized by NAD+ to a C=O group.
What occurs at the end of the final round of the 𝛽-oxidation pathway?
Two acetyl-CoA are produced.
How many ATP are produced from the complete breakdown of a single 14-carbon fatty acid?
94 ATP
What is the total yield of NADH, FADH2, and GTP from seven acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle?
- 21 NADH
- 7 FADH2
- 7 GTP
What are the three phases of fatty acid degradation?
- 𝛽-oxidation
- Citric acid cycle
- Electron transport chain
True or False: The 𝛽-oxidation process occurs only with saturated fatty acids.
False
What is a common mutation affecting fatty acid processing in the U.S. and Northern European populations?
Mutation in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)
What are some symptoms of MCAD deficiency in affected individuals?
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Low blood sugar
- Increased risk of seizures, coma, sudden death
Fill in the blank: The first enzyme in the 𝛽-oxidation pathway is __________.
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
What types of fatty acids require specialized enzymes during the 𝛽-oxidation process?
- Unsaturated fatty acids
- Odd-numbered carbon fatty acids
What is the function of VLCAD, MCAD, and SCAD in fatty acid degradation?
They are specific enzymes for different ranges of fatty acid chain lengths.
