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Fatty Acids Flashcards

short chain, number carbon saturated unsaturated (71 cards)

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1
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Naturally occurring monocarboxylic acids with linear (unbranched) carbon chain

carboxylic acids with normally 6 carbon chain but in some instances can have 4 carbon chain

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2
Q

Classification of fatty acids based on chain length

A

Short-Chain (4-6)
Medium-Chain (8-10)
Long-chain (12-26)

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3
Q

Short-chain fatty acids

A

4-6

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4
Q

Medium-chain fatty acids

A

8-10

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5
Q

Long-chain fatty acids

A

12-26

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6
Q

Fatty acids can also be classified if they contain double bonds or not

A

Saturated - contains no double bond

Unsaturated - contains double bond

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7
Q

Nomenclature of fatty acids can have 3 system

A

IUPAC
Common Name
Genevan System

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8
Q

Fatty acids can be classified according to their chain length

A

Short-chain (4-6)
Medium-chain (8-10)
Long-chain (12-26)

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9
Q

Short-chain fatty acids

A

4-6

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10
Q

Medium-chain fatty acids

A

8-10

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11
Q

Long-chain fatty acids

A

12-26

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12
Q

Fatty acids can also be classified if they contain double bond or not

A

Saturated - does not contain double bond

Unsaturated - contains double bond

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13
Q

Saturated

A

All C-C bonds are single bonds

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14
Q

Types of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

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15
Q

(nomenclature) Fatty acids can be named using 3 systems

A

IUPAC
Common Name
Genevan System

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16
Q

Naming of fatty acids based on common name

A 
6 carbons - Caproic
7 carbons - Enanthoic
8 carbons - Caprylic
9 carbons - Pelargonic
10 carbons - Capric
12 carbons - Lauric
14 carbons - Myristic
16 carbons -Palmitic
18 carbons - Stearic
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17
Q

Genevan System

A

Used to differentiate saturated and unsaturated acids

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18
Q

Genevan System

A

Based on IUPAC name, just change the suffix

saturated -anoic acid
unsaturated -enoic acid

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19
Q

Naturally Occurring Saturated Fatty Acids

A 
Lauric (12)
Myristic (14)
Palmitic (16)
Stearic (18)
Arachidic (20)
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20
Q

Lauric Acid

A

12 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 44 ‘C

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21
Q

Myristic Acid

A

14 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 58 ‘C

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22
Q

Palmitic Acid

A

16 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 63 ‘C

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23
Q

Stearic Acid

A

18 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 71 ‘C

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24
Q

Arachidic Acid

A

20 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 77 ‘C

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25
In most unsaturated fatty acids, the ___ isomer predominates; the ___ isomer is rare.
Cis, Trans
26
Unsaturated fatty acids have ___ melting points than their saturated counterparts; the ___ the degree of unsaturation, the lower the melting point
lower; greater
27
Naturally Occurring Unsaturated Fatty Acids
``` Palmitoleic (16) Oleic (18) Linoleic (18) Linolenic (18) Arachidonic (20) ```
28
Palmitoleic Acid
16 Carbon Atoms 16:1 ^9 Degree of Unsaturation Melting Point: -0.5 'C
29
Oleic Acid
18 Carbon Atoms 18:1 ^9 Degree of Unsaturation Melting Point: 16 'C
30
Linoleic Acid
``` 18 Carbon Atoms 18:2 ^9, 12 Degree of Unsaturation Melting Point: -5 'C Other Name: Omega 6 Function: Dietary precursor of prostaglandin (PGE) ``` Omega 6 is converted to Arachidonic Acid (eicosanoic acid) 20:4
31
Linolenic Acid
``` 18 Carbon Atoms 18:3 ^9, 12, 15 Degree of Unsaturation Melting Point: -11 'C Other Name: Omega 3 Function: precursor of DHA and EPA ``` Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA or Cervonic Acid): 22C:6double bonds Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA): 20:5 DHA and EPA are important for brain development
32
Arachidonic Acid
20 Carbon Atoms 20:4 ^5, 8, 11, 14 Degree of Unsaturation Melting Point: -50 'C
33
Two Types of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid | Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
34
Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs)
Fatty acid with a carbon chain in which one carbon–carbon double bond is present ALSO KNOWN AS monoethenoids or monoenoic acids
35
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)
Fatty acids with a carbon chain in which two or more carbon–carbon double bonds are present Up to six double bonds are found in biochemically important PUFAs Also known as polyethenoids or polyenoic acids
36
Double bond position in Unsat FA
For Delta: Numbering starts from the other –COOH For Omega: Double bond count start from the other end of -COOH Structural notation indicates number of C atoms Example: 18:2 signifies that a fatty acid has 18 carbons with 2 double bonds
37
Types of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Omega (ω)-3 fatty acid | Omega (ω)-6 fatty acid
38
Omega (ω)-3 fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond three carbon atoms away from its methyl end Most common Source: Fishes, but not all fishes have the same concentration of Omega 3.
39
Omega (ω)-6 fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond six carbon atoms away from its methyl end
40
Examples of Eicosanoids
Prostaglandins (PGE) Leukotriene (LK) thromboxanes (TXA)
41
(Water Solubility) Short-chain fatty acids have some ____, whereas long-chain fatty acids are ____
solubility; insoluble
42
(Water Solubility) Short-chain fatty acids are sparingly soluble because of the presence of ____ group
Carboxylic
43
As you increase chain length of Carbon the solubility in water is ___
Decreased
44
As you increase chain length, melting point is ___
Increased
45
Increase of Unsaturation ___ melting point
Decreases
46
Kinks in FA chain | Number of “bends” in a fatty acid chain increases as the number of double bonds increases
Less packing occurs Melting point is lower Tend to be liquid at room temperature
47
Most of unsaturated fatty acids will exist in ___ state at room temperature
Liquid
48
With the notable exception of nerve cells, ___ cells store small amounts of energy-providing materials
Human
49
Carbohydrate glycogen
Most widespread energy storage material present in small amounts
50
Triacylglycerol (TAG)
``` Major energy-storage material An ester of glycerol with three fatty acids. Stored in adiposites or adipose cells. Neutral lipids Also known as triglyceride Hydrophobic and water insoluble; serves as the main storage form of lipid in human (adiposetissue). ```
51
2 types of triacylglycerols | Simple triacylglycerol and Mixed triacylglycerol
Simple triacylglycerol: Triester formed from the esterification if glycerol with three identical fatty acid molecules Mixed triacylglycerol: Triester formed from the esterification of glycerol with more than one kind of fatty acid molecule
52
Naturally occurring simple triacylglycerols are ___
Rare
53
Fats (saturated fatty acids)
Predominantly Saturated Solids or semisolids at room temperature Source: Animals known as saturated fatty acids because even though it is a mixture of triacylglycerol, the composition of the fatty acids are saturated.
54
Oils (fixed oils or unsaturated fatty acids)
Predominantly unsaturated Liquids at room temperature Sources: Plants and fish oil Like fats it is a mixture of triacylglycerol
55
Pure oils and fats are ___, ___, and ____
colorless, odorless, and tasteless
56
Difference with Glycogen and Triacylglycerol
Glycogen - easier to use in immediate energy release; takes up more space compared to TAGs. Triacylglcerol - is for long term; amount of energy get in TAGs is higher compared to glycogen.
57
Simple Triacylglycerol
Fatty Acids are identical example: All fatty acids have 18 carbon chain
58
Mixed triacylglycerol
Contains more than one kind of fatty acid molecule Example: Fatty acid have 12,16,14 Carbon Chain
59
Nations whose citizens have high dietary intakes of fats and oils tend to have higher incidences of ____
heart disease and certain types of cancers pwede rin hypertension
60
Good Fats
Monounsaturated
61
Bad Fats
Saturated Fatty Acids
62
Can be both good fat and bad fat
Polyunsaturated fats
63
Current recommended amount for total fat intake in calories (in monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated, saturated)
15% - Monounsaturated fat 10% - Polyunsaturated <10% - Saturated fats
64
Can act as saturated fatty acid in a sense that they can pack together
Trans Fat (unsaturated)
65
American diet is ___ in omega-6 fatty acids and ___ in omega-3 fatty acids
High; Deficient
66
Omega 6 vs Omega 3
Too much Omega 6 increase higher risk for cardiovascular, obesity, atherosclerosis. We can consider Omega 6 as bad but it is essential since it is a dietary precursor for prostaglandins.
67
Cold water Fishes have high _____; Warm water Fishes have high ____
Omega 3; Omega 6
68
Essential fatty acids
Fatty acids that must be obtained from dietary sources because they cannot be synthesized within the body
69
Deficiency of Linoleic (Omega 6) and Linolenic Acid (Omega 3) Results in:
Skin redness Infections and dehydration Liver abnormalities
70
(Fat and fatty acid composition in nuts) | Nuts have ___
Low amounts of saturated fatty acids | Also contain valuable antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and plant fiber protein
71
Numerous studies now indicate that eating nuts can have a ____ effect against ___
strong protective effect; coronary heart disease

Biochemistry (7 decks)

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