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Q2 EARTH SCI > Faults and Folds > Flashcards

Faults and Folds Flashcards

1
Q

Shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy

A

Earthquakes

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2
Q

Usually associated with faulting or breaking of rocks

A

Earthquakes

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3
Q

Continuing adjustment of position results in aftershocks

A

Earthquakes

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4
Q

The study of Earthquakes

A

Seismology

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5
Q

Scientists who study Earthquakes

A

Seismologists

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6
Q

Data recorded during Earthquakes

A

Seismogram

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7
Q

The instrument used to record data during Earthquakes

A

Seismograph

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8
Q

Caused by increased stress along faults

A

Earthquakes

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9
Q

Internal reaction of a material to pressure applied to it

A

Stress

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10
Q

Ratio of the deformation of a material

A

Strain

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11
Q

The change to the shape of a rock in response to stress

A

Deformation

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12
Q

The ability of a material to withstand deforming forces

A

Elasticity

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13
Q

The other term for Earthquakes

A

Seismic or Seismic Waves

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14
Q

The external condition of an object

A

Pressure

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15
Q

The Philippines is made of _

A

Transform boundaries

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16
Q

The 3 types of stress

A

Tensile, Shear, Compressive

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17
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF STRESS AND FAULT
Extension

A

Tensile, Normal

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18
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF STRESS AND FAULT
Shortening

A

Compressive, Reverse Fault

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19
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF STRESS AND FAULT
Opposite directions

A

Shear, Strike-Slip

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20
Q

Deforms like a piece of clay and does not cause Earthquakes

A

Plastic deformation

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21
Q

Returns to its original form when stress is removed

A

Elastic Deformation

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22
Q

Rock keeps stretching until it finally breaks where energy is released

A

Elastic Deformation

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23
Q

Occurs when more stress is applied to rock than what it can withstand

A

Elastic Rebound

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24
Q

Common cause of Earthquakes

A

Elastic Rebound

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25
A break in the earth's crust
Fault
26
It is where Earthquakes occur
Faults
27
The different plate boundaries
Transform, Convergent, Divergent
28
Places where a large number of faults are located
Earthquake Zones
29
Forms due to stress build-up
Faults
30
It is where slabs of crust slide past each other
Faults
31
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT The footwall goes upward
Normal Fault
32
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT The crust extends
Normal Fault
33
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT The hanging wall goes upward
Reverse Fault
34
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT The hanging wall goes upward
Reverse Fault
35
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT The crust shortens
Reverse Fault
36
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT Vertical fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally
Strike-Slip Fault
37
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT Blocks are displaced to the right
Dextral
38
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT Blocks are displaced to the left
Sinistral
39
Waves that travel through the earth
Seismic Waves
40
Seismic waves that travel through the Earth's interior
Body Waves
41
Seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface
Surface Waves
42
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE Travels through solids, liquids, and gases
P Waves
43
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE Fastest waves also called Primary Waves
P Waves
44
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE Moves rocks back and forth by squeezing and stretching
P Waves
45
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE Called Pressure Waves
P Waves
46
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE Cannot travel through liquids
S Waves
47
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE Arrives after P Waves which is why they are also called Secondary Waves
S Waves
48
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE Moves the rock side to side by stretching
S Waves
49
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE Called Shear Waves
S Waves
50
Travels slower than body waves but are more destructive
Surface Waves
51
The study of rocks
Petrology
52
The study of rocks layers and layering
Stratigraphy
53
The other term for rock layers
Strata
54
The other term for rock layering
Stratification
55
Who discovered the four basic principles of Stratigraphy?
Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century
56
The four basic principles that govern the way that sedimentary rocks are deposited and layered
Steno’s Principles of Stratigraphy
57
IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE Younger rocks sit atop older layers
Law of Superposition
58
IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE Layers of sedimentary rock are originally deposited flat then tilts due to folding
Law of Original Horizontality
59
IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE Rock layers A and B must be older than the intrusion (C) that disturbs them
Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships
60
IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE The principle reinforced by James Hutton
Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships
61
IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE Layers of rock are continuous until they encounter other solid bodies that block their deposition
Law of Lateral Continuity
62
IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE Layers of rock are continuous until they are acted upon by agents that appeared after deposition took place
Law of Lateral Continuity
63
Classified by geometry and stratigraphy
Folds
64
A fold that points upward
Synform
65
A fold that points downward
Antiform
66
Youngest rocks are at the axis
Syncline
67
Oldest rocks are at the axis
Anticline
68
The plane of a fold’s curve
Axis
69
The other term for axis
Hinge
70
Indicates a break or fold in rock layers
Unconformities
71
Represents gaps in geologic record
Unconformities
72
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF UNCONFORMITY Occurs between parallel, similar orientation, or horizontal layers of sedimentary rock
Disconformity
73
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF UNCONFORMITY Uplifted, tilted, folded, or eroded rock layers, once horizontal, are covered by new, horizontally deposited layers
Angular Unconformity
74
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF UNCONFORMITY Occurs between younger sedimentary rocks and older igneous or metamorphic rocks
Nonconformity

Q2 EARTH SCI (3 decks)

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