fc_two Flashcards
(233 cards)
1
Q
What is the main difference between a “Normal” SQL Injection and a “Blind” SQL Injection vulnerability?
A. The request to the web server is not visible to the administrator of the vulnerable application.
B. The attack is called “Blind” because, although the application properly filters user input, it is still
vulnerable to code injection.
C. The successful attack does not show an error message to the administrator of the affected application.
D. The vulnerable application does not display errors with information about the injection results to the
attacker.
A
Answer: D
2
Q
During a wireless penetration test, a tester detects an access point using WPA2 encryption. Which of the
following attacks should be used to obtain the key?
A. The tester must capture the WPA2 authentication handshake and then crack it.
B. The tester must use the tool inSSIDer to crack it using the ESSID of the network.
C. The tester cannot crack WPA2 because it is in full compliance with the IEEE 802.11i standard.
D. The tester must change the MAC address of the wireless network card and then use the AirTraf tool to
obtain the key.
A
Answer: A
3
Q
Bluetooth uses which digital modulation technique to exchange information between paired devices? A. PSK (phase-shift keying) B. FSK (frequency-shift keying) C. ASK (amplitude-shift keying) D. QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation)
A
Answer: A
4
Q
Which command lets a tester enumerate alive systems in a class C network via ICMP using native
Windows tools?
A. ping 192.168.2.
B. ping 192.168.2.255
C. for %V in (1 1 255) do PING 192.168.2.%V
D. for /L %V in (1 1 254) do PING -n 1 192.168.2.%V | FIND /I “Reply”,”
A
Answer: D
5
Q
The use of alert thresholding in an IDS can reduce the volume of repeated alerts, but introduces which of
the following vulnerabilities?
A. An attacker, working slowly enough, can evade detection by the IDS.
B. Network packets are dropped if the volume exceeds the threshold.
C. Thresholding interferes with the IDS’ ability to reassemble fragmented packets.
D. The IDS will not distinguish among packets originating from different sources.
A
Answer: A
6
Q
Which of the following open source tools would be the best choice to scan a network for potential targets? A. NMAP B. NIKTO C. CAIN D. John the Ripper
A
Answer: A
7
Q
An attacker uses a communication channel within an operating system that is neither designed nor
intended to transfer information. What is the name of the communications channel?
A. Classified
B. Overt
C. Encrypted
D. Covert
A
Answer: D
8
Q
What is the name of the international standard that establishes a baseline level of confidence in the security
functionality of IT products by providing a set of requirements for evaluation?
A. Blue Book
B. ISO 26029
C. Common Criteria
D. The Wassenaar Agreement
A
Answer: C
9
Q
A penetration tester is attempting to scan an internal corporate network from the internet without alerting
the border sensor. Which is the most efficient technique should the tester consider using?
A. Spoofing an IP address
B. Tunneling scan over SSH
C. Tunneling over high port numbers
D. Scanning using fragmented IP packets
A
Answer: B
10
Q
A pentester gains access to a Windows application server and needs to determine the settings of the
built-in Windows firewall. Which command would be used?
A. Netsh firewall show config
B. WMIC firewall show config
C. Net firewall show config
D. Ipconfig firewall show config
A
Answer: A
11
Q
Which tool is used to automate SQL injections and exploit a database by forcing a given web application to
connect to another database controlled by a hacker?
A. DataThief
B. NetCat
C. Cain and Abel
D. SQLInjector
A
Answer: A
12
Q
Which statement is TRUE regarding network firewalls preventing Web Application attacks?
A. Network firewalls can prevent attacks because they can detect malicious HTTP traffic.
B. Network firewalls cannot prevent attacks because ports 80 and 443 must be opened.
C. Network firewalls can prevent attacks if they are properly configured.
D. Network firewalls cannot prevent attacks because they are too complex to configure.
A
Answer: B
13
Q
A pentester is using Metasploit to exploit an FTP server and pivot to a LAN. How will the pentester pivot
using Metasploit?
A. Issue the pivot exploit and set the meterpreter.
B. Reconfigure the network settings in the meterpreter.
C. Set the payload to propagate through the meterpreter.
D. Create a route statement in the meterpreter.
A
Answer: D
14
Q
A covert channel is a channel that
A. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is outside of the security policy.
B. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is within the security policy.
C. transfers information via a communication path within a computer system, or network for transfer of data.
D. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is encrypted.
A
Answer: A
15
Q
Which type of intrusion detection system can monitor and alert on attacks, but cannot stop them? A. Detective B. Passive C. Intuitive D. Reactive
A
Answer: B
16
Q
Smart cards use which protocol to transfer the certificate in a secure manner?
A. Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
B. Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
C. Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
D. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
A
Answer: A
17
Q
A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However, auditing has
never been enabled on the system. What is the first step that the bank should take before enabling the audit
feature?
A. Perform a vulnerability scan of the system.
B. Determine the impact of enabling the audit feature.
C. Perform a cost/benefit analysis of the audit feature.
D. Allocate funds for staffing of audit log review.
A
Answer: B
18
Q
The following is a sample of output from a penetration tester’s machine targeting a machine with the IP
address of 192.168.1.106:
What is most likely taking place?
A. Ping sweep of the 192.168.1.106 network
B. Remote service brute force attempt
C. Port scan of 192.168.1.106
D. Denial of service attack on 192.168.1.106
A
Answer: B
19
Q
What is the correct PCAP filter to capture all TCP traffic going to or from host 192.168.0.125 on port 25?
A. tcp.src == 25 and ip.host == 192.168.0.125
B. host 192.168.0.125:25
C. port 25 and host 192.168.0.125
D. tcp.port == 25 and ip.host == 192.168.0.125
A
Answer: D
20
Q
Which NMAP command combination would let a tester scan every TCP port from a class C network that is
blocking ICMP with fingerprinting and service detection?
A. NMAP -PN -A -O -sS 192.168.2.0/24
B. NMAP -P0 -A -O -p1-65535 192.168.0/24
C. NMAP -P0 -A -sT -p0-65535 192.168.0/16
D. NMAP -PN -O -sS -p 1-1024 192.168.0/8
A
Answer: B
21
Q
What results will the following command yield: ‘NMAP -sS -O -p 123-153 192.168.100.3’?
A. A stealth scan, opening port 123 and 153
B. A stealth scan, checking open ports 123 to 153
C. A stealth scan, checking all open ports excluding ports 123 to 153
D. A stealth scan, determine operating system, and scanning ports 123 to 153
A
Answer: D
22
Q
Which of the following scanning tools is specifically designed to find potential exploits in Microsoft Windows products? A. Microsoft Security Baseline Analyzer B. Retina C. Core Impact D. Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
A
Answer: D
23
Q
Which of the following processes of PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) ensures that a trust relationship exists
and that a certificate is still valid for specific operations?
A. Certificate issuance
B. Certificate validation
C. Certificate cryptography
D. Certificate revocation
A
Answer: B
24
Q
Which of the following is a common Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) vulnerability? A. Cross-site scripting B. SQL injection C. VPath injection D. XML denial of service issues
A
Answer: D
25
```
Which of the following levels of algorithms does Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) use?
A. RSA 1024 bit strength
B. AES 1024 bit strength
C. RSA 512 bit strength
D. AES 512 bit strength
```
Answer: A
26
An attacker sniffs encrypted traffic from the network and is subsequently able to decrypt it. The attacker can
now use which cryptanalytic technique to attempt to discover the encryption key?
A. Birthday attack
B. Plaintext attack
C. Meet in the middle attack
D. Chosen ciphertext attack
Answer: D
27
Employees in a company are no longer able to access Internet web sites on their computers. The network
administrator is able to successfully ping IP address of web servers on the Internet and is able to open web
sites by using an IP address in place of the URL. The administrator runs the nslookup command for
www.eccouncil.org and receives an error message stating there is no response from the server. What
should the administrator do next?
A. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP ports 53 and UDP port 53.
B. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP ports 80 and UDP port 443.
C. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP port 53.
D. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP port 8080.
Answer: A
28
```
Which of the following network attacks relies on sending an abnormally large packet size that exceeds
TCP/IP specifications?
A. Ping of death
B. SYN flooding
C. TCP hijacking
D. Smurf attack
```
Answer: A
29
```
Which of the following tools would be the best choice for achieving compliance with PCI Requirement 11?
A. Truecrypt
B. Sub7
C. Nessus
D. Clamwin
```
Answer: C
30
While testing the company's web applications, a tester attempts to insert the following test script into the
search area on the company's web site:
alert(" Testing Testing Testing ")
Afterwards, when the tester presses the search button, a pop-up box appears on the screen with the text:
"Testing Testing Testing". Which vulnerability has been detected in the web application?
A. Buffer overflow
B. Cross-site request forgery
C. Distributed denial of service
D. Cross-site scripting
Answer: D
31
The fundamental difference between symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic systems is that
symmetric key cryptography uses which of the following?
A. Multiple keys for non-repudiation of bulk data
B. Different keys on both ends of the transport medium
C. Bulk encryption for data transmission over fiber
D. The same key on each end of the transmission medium
Answer: D
32
```
In the OSI model, where does PPTP encryption take place?
A. Transport layer
B. Application layer
C. Data link layer
D. Network layer
```
Answer: C
33
Which NMAP feature can a tester implement or adjust while scanning for open ports to avoid detection by
the network’s IDS?
A. Timing options to slow the speed that the port scan is conducted
B. Fingerprinting to identify which operating systems are running on the network
C. ICMP ping sweep to determine which hosts on the network are not available
D. Traceroute to control the path of the packets sent during the scan
Answer: A
34
```
Which of the following can take an arbitrary length of input and produce a message digest output of 160 bit?
A. SHA-1
B. MD5
C. HAVAL
D. MD4
```
Answer: A
35
What is the primary drawback to using advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm with a 256 bit key to
share sensitive data?
A. Due to the key size, the time it will take to encrypt and decrypt the message hinders efficient
communication.
B. To get messaging programs to function with this algorithm requires complex configurations.
C. It has been proven to be a weak cipher; therefore, should not be trusted to protect sensitive data.
D. It is a symmetric key algorithm, meaning each recipient must receive the key through a different channel
than the message.
Answer: D
36
Which of the following network attacks takes advantage of weaknesses in the fragment reassembly
functionality of the TCP/IP protocol stack?
A. Teardrop
B. SYN flood
C. Smurf attack
D. Ping of death
Answer: A
37
A certified ethical hacker (CEH) completed a penetration test of the main headquarters of a company
almost two months ago, but has yet to get paid. The customer is suffering from financial problems, and the
CEH is worried that the company will go out of business and end up not paying. What actions should the
CEH take?
A. Threaten to publish the penetration test results if not paid.
B. Follow proper legal procedures against the company to request payment.
C. Tell other customers of the financial problems with payments from this company.
D. Exploit some of the vulnerabilities found on the company webserver to deface it.
Answer: B
38
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 27002 provides guidance for compliance by
outlining
A. guidelines and practices for security controls.
B. financial soundness and business viability metrics.
C. standard best practice for configuration management.
D. contract agreement writing standards.
Answer: A
39
Which of the following describes a component of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) where a copy of a private
key is stored to provide third-party access and to facilitate recovery operations?
A. Key registry
B. Recovery agent
C. Directory
D. Key escrow
Answer: D
40
How can a policy help improve an employee's security awareness?
A. By implementing written security procedures, enabling employee security training, and promoting the
benefits of security
B. By using informal networks of communication, establishing secret passing procedures, and immediately
terminating employees
C. By sharing security secrets with employees, enabling employees to share secrets, and establishing a
consultative help line
D. By decreasing an employee's vacation time, addressing ad-hoc employment clauses, and ensuring that
managers know employee strengths
Answer: A
41
If a tester is attempting to ping a target that exists but receives no response or a response that states the
destination is unreachable, ICMP may be disabled and the network may be using TCP. Which other option
could the tester use to get a response from a host using TCP?
A. Hping
B. Traceroute
C. TCP ping
D. Broadcast ping
Answer: A
42
What are the three types of compliance that the Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual
(OSSTMM) recognizes?
A. Legal, performance, audit
B. Audit, standards based, regulatory
C. Contractual, regulatory, industry
D. Legislative, contractual, standards based
Answer: D
43
An attacker has captured a target file that is encrypted with public key cryptography. Which of the attacks
below is likely to be used to crack the target file?
A. Timing attack
B. Replay attack
C. Memory trade-off attack
D. Chosen plain-text attack
Answer: D
44
When setting up a wireless network, an administrator enters a pre-shared key for security. Which of the
following is true?
A. The key entered is a symmetric key used to encrypt the wireless data.
B. The key entered is a hash that is used to prove the integrity of the wireless data.
C. The key entered is based on the Diffie-Hellman method.
D. The key is an RSA key used to encrypt the wireless data.
Answer: A
45
Which statement best describes a server type under an N-tier architecture?
A. A group of servers at a specific layer
B. A single server with a specific role
C. A group of servers with a unique role
D. A single server at a specific layer
Answer: C
46
```
SOAP services use which technology to format information?
A. SATA
B. PCI
C. XML
D. ISDN
```
Answer: C
47
A network security administrator is worried about potential man-in-the-middle attacks when users access a
corporate web site from their workstations. Which of the following is the best remediation against this type
of attack?
A. Implementing server-side PKI certificates for all connections
B. Mandating only client-side PKI certificates for all connections
C. Requiring client and server PKI certificates for all connections
D. Requiring strong authentication for all DNS queries
Answer: C
48
When comparing the testing methodologies of Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) and Open
Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) the main difference is
A. OWASP is for web applications and OSSTMM does not include web applications.
B. OSSTMM is gray box testing and OWASP is black box testing.
C. OWASP addresses controls and OSSTMM does not.
D. OSSTMM addresses controls and OWASP does not.
Answer: D
49
```
Which element of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) verifies the applicant?
A. Certificate authority
B. Validation authority
C. Registration authority
D. Verification authority
```
Answer: C
50
A technician is resolving an issue where a computer is unable to connect to the Internet using a wireless
access point. The computer is able to transfer files locally to other machines, but cannot successfully reach
the Internet. When the technician examines the IP address and default gateway they are both on the
192.168.1.0/24. Which of the following has occurred?
A. The gateway is not routing to a public IP address.
B. The computer is using an invalid IP address.
C. The gateway and the computer are not on the same network.
D. The computer is not using a private IP address.
Answer: A
51
```
Which cipher encrypts the plain text digit (bit or byte) one by one?
A. Classical cipher
B. Block cipher
C. Modern cipher
D. Stream cipher
```
Answer: D
52
```
Which security strategy requires using several, varying methods to protect IT systems against attacks?
A. Defense in depth
B. Three-way handshake
C. Covert channels
D. Exponential backoff algorithm
```
Answer: A
53
```
Advanced encryption standard is an algorithm used for which of the following?
A. Data integrity
B. Key discovery
C. Bulk data encryption
D. Key recovery
```
Answer: C
54
```
Which type of security document is written with specific step-by-step details?
A. Process
B. Procedure
C. Policy
D. Paradigm
```
Answer: B
55
Which initial procedure should an ethical hacker perform after being brought into an organization?
A. Begin security testing.
B. Turn over deliverables.
C. Sign a formal contract with non-disclosure.
D. Assess what the organization is trying to protect.
Answer: C
56
Which vital role does the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) provide?
A. Incident response services to any user, company, government agency, or organization in partnership
with the Department of Homeland Security
B. Maintenance of the nation’s Internet infrastructure, builds out new Internet infrastructure, and
decommissions old Internet infrastructure
C. Registration of critical penetration testing for the Department of Homeland Security and public and
private sectors
D. Measurement of key vulnerability assessments on behalf of the Department of Defense (DOD) and State
Department, as well as private sectors
Answer: A
57
When does the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) require organizations to perform
external and internal penetration testing?
A. At least once a year and after any significant upgrade or modification
B. At least once every three years or after any significant upgrade or modification
C. At least twice a year or after any significant upgrade or modification
D. At least once every two years and after any significant upgrade or modification
Answer: A
58
A computer technician is using a new version of a word processing software package when it is discovered
that a special sequence of characters causes the entire computer to crash. The technician researches the
bug and discovers that no one else experienced the problem. What is the appropriate next step?
A. Ignore the problem completely and let someone else deal with it.
B. Create a document that will crash the computer when opened and send it to friends.
C. Find an underground bulletin board and attempt to sell the bug to the highest bidder.
D. Notify the vendor of the bug and do not disclose it until the vendor gets a chance to issue a fix.
Answer: D
59
```
Which of the following is an example of IP spoofing?
A. SQL injections
B. Man-in-the-middle
C. Cross-site scripting
D. ARP poisoning
```
Answer: B
60
```
Which of the following ensures that updates to policies, procedures, and configurations are made in a
controlled and documented fashion?
A. Regulatory compliance
B. Peer review
C. Change management
D. Penetration testing
```
Answer: C
61
The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) testing methodology addresses the need to secure
web applications by providing which one of the following services?
A. An extensible security framework named COBIT
B. A list of flaws and how to fix them
C. Web application patches
D. A security certification for hardened web applications
Answer: B
62
Which of the following is an advantage of utilizing security testing methodologies to conduct a security
audit?
A. They provide a repeatable framework.
B. Anyone can run the command line scripts.
C. They are available at low cost.
D. They are subject to government regulation.
Answer: A
63
Which of the following is a primary service of the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team
(CSIRT)?
A. CSIRT provides an incident response service to enable a reliable and trusted single point of contact for
reporting computer security incidents worldwide.
B. CSIRT provides a computer security surveillance service to supply a government with important
intelligence information on individuals travelling abroad.
C. CSIRT provides a penetration testing service to support exception reporting on incidents worldwide by
individuals and multi-national corporations.
D. CSIRT provides a vulnerability assessment service to assist law enforcement agencies with profiling an
individual's property or company's asset.
Answer: A
64
For messages sent through an insecure channel, a properly implemented digital signature gives the
receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender. While using a digital signature, the
message digest is encrypted with which key?
A. Sender's public key
B. Receiver's private key
C. Receiver's public key
D. Sender's private key
Answer: D
65
Which of the following descriptions is true about a static NAT?
A. A static NAT uses a many-to-many mapping.
B. A static NAT uses a one-to-many mapping.
C. A static NAT uses a many-to-one mapping.
D. A static NAT uses a one-to-one mapping.
Answer: D
66
An ethical hacker for a large security research firm performs penetration tests, vulnerability tests, and risk
assessments. A friend recently started a company and asks the hacker to perform a penetration test and
vulnerability assessment of the new company as a favor. What should the hacker's next step be before
starting work on this job?
A. Start by foot printing the network and mapping out a plan of attack.
B. Ask the employer for authorization to perform the work outside the company.
C. Begin the reconnaissance phase with passive information gathering and then move into active
information gathering.
D. Use social engineering techniques on the friend's employees to help identify areas that may be
susceptible to attack.
Answer: B
67
Which United States legislation mandates that the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial
Officer (CFO) must sign statements verifying the completeness and accuracy of financial reports?
A. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
B. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
C. Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA)
D. Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA)
Answer: A
68
If an e-commerce site was put into a live environment and the programmers failed to remove the secret
entry point that was used during the application development, what is this secret entry point known as?
A. SDLC process
B. Honey pot
C. SQL injection
D. Trap door
Answer: D
69
Which of the following items is unique to the N-tier architecture method of designing software applications?
A. Application layers can be separated, allowing each layer to be upgraded independently from other
layers.
B. It is compatible with various databases including Access, Oracle, and SQL.
C. Data security is tied into each layer and must be updated for all layers when any upgrade is performed.
D. Application layers can be written in C, ASP.NET, or Delphi without any performance loss.
Answer: A
70
The intrusion detection system at a software development company suddenly generates multiple alerts
regarding attacks against the company's external webserver, VPN concentrator, and DNS servers. What
should the security team do to determine which alerts to check first?
A. Investigate based on the maintenance schedule of the affected systems.
B. Investigate based on the service level agreements of the systems.
C. Investigate based on the potential effect of the incident.
D. Investigate based on the order that the alerts arrived in.
Answer: C
71
A certified ethical hacker (CEH) is approached by a friend who believes her husband is cheating. She offers
to pay to break into her husband's email account in order to find proof so she can take him to court. What is
the ethical response?
A. Say no; the friend is not the owner of the account.
B. Say yes; the friend needs help to gather evidence.
C. Say yes; do the job for free.
D. Say no; make sure that the friend knows the risk she’s asking the CEH to take.
Answer: A
72
To reduce the attack surface of a system, administrators should perform which of the following processes to
remove unnecessary software, services, and insecure configuration settings?
A. Harvesting
B. Windowing
C. Hardening
D. Stealthing
Answer: C
73
Which of the following is optimized for confidential communications, such as bidirectional voice and video?
A. RC4
B. RC5
C. MD4
D. MD5
Answer: A
74
Which of the following defines the role of a root Certificate Authority (CA) in a Public Key Infrastructure
(PKI)?
A. The root CA is the recovery agent used to encrypt data when a user's certificate is lost.
B. The root CA stores the user's hash value for safekeeping.
C. The CA is the trusted root that issues certificates.
D. The root CA is used to encrypt email messages to prevent unintended disclosure of data.
Answer: C
75
```
Which of the following algorithms provides better protection against brute force attacks by using a 160-bit
message digest?
A. MD5
B. SHA-1
C. RC4
D. MD4
```
Answer: B
76
An IT security engineer notices that the company’s web server is currently being hacked. What should the
engineer do next?
A. Unplug the network connection on the company’s web server.
B. Determine the origin of the attack and launch a counterattack.
C. Record as much information as possible from the attack.
D. Perform a system restart on the company’s web server.
Answer: C
77
How do employers protect assets with security policies pertaining to employee surveillance activities?
A. Employers promote monitoring activities of employees as long as the employees demonstrate
trustworthiness.
B. Employers use informal verbal communication channels to explain employee monitoring activities to
employees.
C. Employers use network surveillance to monitor employee email traffic, network access, and to record
employee keystrokes.
D. Employers provide employees written statements that clearly discuss the boundaries of monitoring
activities and consequences.
Answer: D
78
Company A and Company B have just merged and each has its own Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). What
must the Certificate Authorities (CAs) establish so that the private PKIs for Company A and Company B
trust one another and each private PKI can validate digital certificates from the other company?
A. Poly key exchange
B. Cross certification
C. Poly key reference
D. Cross-site exchange
Answer: B
79
Some passwords are stored using specialized encryption algorithms known as hashes. Why is this an
appropriate method?
A. It is impossible to crack hashed user passwords unless the key used to encrypt them is obtained.
B. If a user forgets the password, it can be easily retrieved using the hash key stored by administrators.
C. Hashing is faster compared to more traditional encryption algorithms.
D. Passwords stored using hashes are non-reversible, making finding the password much more difficult.
Answer: D
80
A Certificate Authority (CA) generates a key pair that will be used for encryption and decryption of email.
The integrity of the encrypted email is dependent on the security of which of the following?
A. Public key
B. Private key
C. Modulus length
D. Email server certificate
Answer: B
81
Which of the following guidelines or standards is associated with the credit card industry?
A. Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT)
B. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
C. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
D. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS)
Answer: D
82
A consultant has been hired by the V.P. of a large financial organization to assess the company's security
posture. During the security testing, the consultant comes across child pornography on the V.P.'s computer.
What is the consultant's obligation to the financial organization?
A. Say nothing and continue with the security testing.
B. Stop work immediately and contact the authorities.
C. Delete the pornography, say nothing, and continue security testing.
D. Bring the discovery to the financial organization's human resource department.
Answer: B
83
Which method can provide a better return on IT security investment and provide a thorough and
comprehensive assessment of organizational security covering policy, procedure design, and
implementation?
A. Penetration testing
B. Social engineering
C. Vulnerability scanning
D. Access control list reviews
Answer: A
84
```
Which Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) implements a web application full of known
vulnerabilities?
A. WebBugs
B. WebGoat
C. VULN_HTML
D. WebScarab
```
Answer: B
85
Which of the following is a characteristic of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)?
A. Public-key cryptosystems are faster than symmetric-key cryptosystems.
B. Public-key cryptosystems distribute public-keys within digital signatures.
C. Public-key cryptosystems do not require a secure key distribution channel.
D. Public-key cryptosystems do not provide technical non-repudiation via digital signatures.
Answer: B
86
You are performing a penetration test. You achieved access via a buffer overflow exploit and you proceed
to find interesting data, such as files with usernames and passwords. You find a hidden folder that has the
administrator's bank account password and login information for the administrator's bitcoin account.
What should you do?
A. Report immediately to the administrator
B. Do not report it and continue the penetration test.
C. Transfer money from the administrator's account to another account.
D. Do not transfer the money but steal the bitcoins.
Answer: A
87
```
Which of the following is an extremely common IDS evasion technique in the web world?
A. unicode characters
B. spyware
C. port knocking
D. subnetting
```
Answer: A
88
```
You are logged in as a local admin on a Windows 7 system and you need to launch the Computer Management Console from command line.
Which command would you use?
A. c:\compmgmt.msc
B. c:\services.msc
C. c:\ncpa.cp
D. c:\gpedit
```
Answer: A
89
Your team has won a contract to infiltrate an organization. The company wants to have the attack be as
realistic as possible; therefore, they did not provide any information besides the company name.
What should be the first step in security testing the client?
A. Reconnaissance
B. Enumeration
C. Scanning
D. Escalation
Answer: A
90
Which of the following is the BEST way to defend against network sniffing?
A. Using encryption protocols to secure network communications
B. Register all machines MAC Address in a Centralized Database
C. Restrict Physical Access to Server Rooms hosting Critical Servers
D. Use Static IP Address
Answer: A
91
When you are testing a web application, it is very useful to employ a proxy tool to save every request and
response. You can manually test every request and analyze the response to find vulnerabilities. You can
test parameter and headers manually to get more precise results than if using web vulnerability scanners.
What proxy tool will help you find web vulnerabilities?
A. Burpsuite
B. Maskgen
C. Dimitry
D. Proxychains
Answer: A
92
```
Which of the following is the least-likely physical characteristic to be used in biometric control that supports
a large company?
A. Height and Weight
B. Voice
C. Fingerprints
D. Iris patterns
```
Answer: A
93
An attacker changes the profile information of a particular user (victim) on the target website. The attacker
uses this string to update the victim’s profile to a text file and then submit the data to the attacker’s
database.
```
What is this type of attack (that can use either HTTP GET or HTTP POST) called?
A. Cross-Site Request Forgery
B. Cross-Site Scripting
C. SQL Injection
D. Browser Hacking
```
Answer: A
94
```
Which tool allows analysts and pen testers to examine links between data using graphs and link analysis?
A. Maltego
B. Cain & Abel
C. Metasploit
D. Wireshark
```
Answer: A
95
You've just been hired to perform a pen test on an organization that has been subjected to a large-scale
attack. The CIO is concerned with mitigating threats and vulnerabilities to totally eliminate risk.
What is one of the first things you should do when given the job?
A. Explain to the CIO that you cannot eliminate all risk, but you will be able to reduce risk to acceptable
levels.
B. Interview all employees in the company to rule out possible insider threats.
C. Establish attribution to suspected attackers.
D. Start the wireshark application to start sniffing network traffic.
Answer: A
96
```
Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
A. Administrative safeguards
B. Physical security
C. DMZ
D. Logical interface
```
Answer: A
97
It is a kind of malware (malicious software) that criminals install on your computer so they can lock it from a
remote location. This malware generates a pop-up window, webpage, or email warning from what looks like
an official authority. It explains that your computer has been locked because of possible illegal activities on
it and demands payment before you can access your files and programs again.
Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
A. Ransomware
B. Adware
C. Spyware
D. Riskware
Answer: A
98
Which of the following parameters describe LM Hash (see exhibit): Exhibit:
A. I, II, and III
B. I
C. II
D. I and II
Answer: A
99
You've gained physical access to a Windows 2008 R2 server which has an accessible disc drive. When you
attempt to boot the server and log in, you are unable to guess the password. In your tool kit you have an
Ubuntu 9.10 Linux LiveCD. Which Linux based tool has the ability to change any user's password or to
activate disabled Windows accounts?
A. CHNTPW
B. Cain & Abel
C. SET
D. John the Ripper
Answer: A
100
A regional bank hires your company to perform a security assessment on their network after a recent data
breach. The attacker was able to steal financial data from the bank by compromising only a single server.
Based on this information, what should be one of your key recommendations to the bank?
A. Place a front-end web server in a demilitarized zone that only handles external web traffic
B. Require all employees to change their passwords immediately
C. Move the financial data to another server on the same IP subnet
D. Issue new certificates to the web servers from the root certificate authority
Answer: A
101
```
Perspective clients want to see sample reports from previous penetration tests. What should you do next?
A. Decline but, provide references.
B. Share full reports, not redacted.
C. Share full reports with redactions.
D. Share reports, after NDA is signed.
```
Answer: A
102
You are a Network Security Officer. You have two machines. The first machine (192.168.0.99) has snort
installed, and the second machine (192.168.0.150) has kiwi syslog installed. You perform a syn scan in
your network, and you notice that kiwi syslog is not receiving the alert message from snort. You decide to
run wireshark in the snort machine to check if the messages are going to the kiwi syslog machine.
What wireshark filter will show the connections from the snort machine to kiwi syslog machine?
A. tcp.dstport==514 && ip.dst==192.168.0.150
B. tcp.srcport==514 && ip.src==192.168.0.99
C. tcp.dstport==514 && ip.dst==192.168.0.0/16
D. tcp.srcport==514 && ip.src==192.168.150
Answer: A
103
You have compromised a server and successfully gained a root access. You want to pivot and pass traffic
undetected over the network and evade any possible Intrusion Detection System.
What is the best approach?
A. Install Cryptcat and encrypt outgoing packets from this server.
B. Install and use Telnet to encrypt all outgoing traffic from this server.
C. Use Alternate Data Streams to hide the outgoing packets from this server.
D. Use HTTP so that all traffic can be routed via a browser, thus evading the internal Intrusion Detection
Systems.
Answer: A
104
When you return to your desk after a lunch break, you notice a strange email in your inbox. The sender is
someone you did business with recently, but the subject line has strange characters in it.
What should you do?
A. Forward the message to your company’s security response team and permanently delete the message
from your computer.
B. Reply to the sender and ask them for more information about the message contents.
C. Delete the email and pretend nothing happened
D. Forward the message to your supervisor and ask for her opinion on how to handle the situation
Answer: A
105
It is a short-range wireless communication technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable of
fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security. It allows mobile phones, computers and other
devices to connect and communicate using a short-range wireless connection.
Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
A. Bluetooth
B. Radio-Frequency Identification
C. WLAN
D. InfraRed
Answer: A
106
An attacker has installed a RAT on a host. The attacker wants to ensure that when a user attempts to go to
"www.MyPersonalBank.com
Which file does the attacker need to modify? that the user is directed to a phishing site.
A. Hosts
B. Sudoers
C. Boot.ini
D. Networks"
Answer: A
107
```
Which of the following is assured by the use of a hash?
A. Integrity
B. Confidentiality
C. Authentication
D. Availability
```
Answer: A
108
What is the best description of SQL Injection?
A. It is an attack used to gain unauthorized access to a database.
B. It is an attack used to modify code in an application.
C. It is a Man-in-the-Middle attack between your SQL Server and Web App Server.
D. It is a Denial of Service Attack.
Answer: A
109
This phase will increase the odds of success in later phases of the penetration test. It is also the very first
step in Information Gathering, and it will tell you what the "landscape" looks like.
What is the most important phase of ethical hacking in which you need to spend a considerable amount of
time?
A. footprinting
B. network mapping
C. gaining access
D. escalating privileges
Answer: A
110
```
> NMAP -sn 192.168.11.200-215
The NMAP command above performs which of the following?
A. A ping scan
B. A trace sweep
C. An operating system detect
D. A port scan
```
Answer: A
111
You have successfully gained access to a linux server and would like to ensure that the succeeding
outgoing traffic from this server will not be caught by a Network Based Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS).
What is the best way to evade the NIDS?
A. Encryption
B. Protocol Isolation
C. Alternate Data Streams
D. Out of band signalling
Answer: A
112
```
This asymmetry cipher is based on factoring the product of two large prime numbers. What cipher is
described above?
A. RSA
B. SHA
C. RC5
D. MD5
```
Answer: A
113
It is a vulnerability in GNU's bash shell, discovered in September of 2014, that gives attackers access to run
remote commands on a vulnerable system. The malicious software can take control of an infected machine,
launch denial-of-service attacks to disrupt websites, and scan for other vulnerable devices (including
routers).
Which of the following vulnerabilities is being described?
A. Shellshock
B. Rootshock
C. Rootshell
D. Shellbash
Answer: A
114
You have successfully gained access to your client's internal network and successfully comprised a Linux
server which is part of the internal IP network. You want to know which Microsoft Windows workstations
have file sharing enabled.
Which port would you see listening on these Windows machines in the network?
A. 445
B. 3389
C. 161
D. 1433
Answer: A
115
You have successfully compromised a machine on the network and found a server that is alive on the same
network. You tried to ping it but you didn't get any response back.
What is happening?
A. ICMP could be disabled on the target server.
B. The ARP is disabled on the target server.
C. TCP/IP doesn't support ICMP.
D. You need to run the ping command with root privileges.
Answer: A
116
```
Which mode of IPSec should you use to assure security and confidentiality of data within the same LAN?
A. ESP transport mode
B. AH permiscuous
C. ESP confidential
D. AH Tunnel mode
```
Answer: A
117
```
Which of the following is the structure designed to verify and authenticate the identity of individuals within the enterprise taking part in a data exchange?
A. PKI
B. single sign on
C. biometrics
D. SOA
```
Answer: A
118
During a blackbox pen test you attempt to pass IRC traffic over port 80/TCP from a compromised web
enabled host. The traffic gets blocked; however, outbound HTTP traffic is unimpeded.
What type of firewall is inspecting outbound traffic?
A. Application
B. Circuit
C. Stateful
D. Packet Filtering
Answer: A
119
```
Using Windows CMD, how would an attacker list all the shares to which the current user context has
access?
A. NET USE
B. NET CONFIG
C. NET FILE
D. NET VIEW
```
Answer: A
120
Initiating an attack against targeted businesses and organizations, threat actors compromise a carefully
selected website by inserting an exploit resulting in malware infection. The attackers run exploits on
well-known and trusted sites likely to be visited by their targeted victims. Aside from carefully choosing sites
to compromise, these attacks are known to incorporate zero-day exploits that target unpatched
vulnerabilities. Thus, the targeted entities are left with little or no defense against these exploits.
What type of attack is outlined in the scenario?
A. Watering Hole Attack
B. Heartbleed Attack
C. Shellshock Attack
D. Spear Phising Attack
Answer: A
121
The network administrator contacts you and tells you that she noticed the temperature on the internal
wireless router increases by more than 20% during weekend hours when the office was closed. She asks
you to investigate the issue because she is busy dealing with a big conference and she doesn’t have time to
perform the task.
What tool can you use to view the network traffic being sent and received by the wireless router?
A. Wireshark
B. Nessus
C. Netcat
D. Netstat
Answer: A
122
In 2007, this wireless security algorithm was rendered useless by capturing packets and discovering the
passkey in a matter of seconds. This security flaw led to a network invasion of TJ Maxx and data theft
through a technique known as wardriving.
Which Algorithm is this referring to?
A. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
B. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
C. Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
D. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
Answer: A
123
You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5. You would like to enumerate
all machines in the same network quickly.
What is the best nmap command you will use?
A. nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24
B. nmap -T4 -r 10.10.1.0/24
C. nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24
D. nmap -T4 -q 10.10.0.0/24
Answer: A
124
You are using NMAP to resolve domain names into IP addresses for a ping sweep later. Which of the
following commands looks for IP addresses?
A. >host -t a hackeddomain.com
B. >host -t soa hackeddomain.com
C. >host -t ns hackeddomain.com
D. >host -t AXFR hackeddomain.com
Answer: A
125
env x=`(){ :;};echo exploit` bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'
What is the Shellshock bash vulnerability attempting to do on a vulnerable Linux host?
A. Display passwd content to prompt
B. Removes the passwd file
C. Changes all passwords in passwd
D. Add new user to the passwd file
Answer: A
126
This international organization regulates billions of transactions daily and provides security guidelines to
protect personally identifiable information (PII). These security controls provide a baseline and prevent
low-level hackers sometimes known as script kiddies from causing a data breach.
Which of the following organizations is being described?
A. Payment Card Industry (PCI)
B. Center for Disease Control (CDC)
C. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
D. International Security Industry Organization (ISIO)
Answer: A
127
```
Which of the following is a command line packet analyzer similar to GUI-based Wireshark?
A. tcpdump
B. nessus
C. etherea
D. Jack the ripper
```
Answer: A
128
When you are collecting information to perform a data analysis, Google commands are very useful to find
sensitive information and files. These files may contain information about passwords, system functions, or
documentation.
What command will help you to search files using Google as a search engine?
A. site: target.com filetype:xls username password email
B. inurl: target.com filename:xls username password email
C. domain: target.com archive:xls username password email
D. site: target.com file:xls username password email
Answer: A
129
Jesse receives an email with an attachment labeled “Court_Notice_21206.zip”. Inside the zip file is a file
named “Court_Notice_21206.docx.exe” disguised as a word document. Upon execution, a window appears
stating, “This word document is corrupt.” In the background, the file copies itself to Jesse APPDATA\local
directory and begins to beacon to a C2 server to download additional malicious binaries.
What type of malware has Jesse encountered?
A. Trojan
B. Worm
C. Macro Virus
D. Key-Logger
Answer: A
130
```
What is the process of logging, recording, and resolving events that take place in an organization?
A. Incident Management Process
B. Security Policy
C. Internal Procedure
D. Metrics
```
Answer: A
131
The configuration allows a wired or wireless network interface controller to pass all traffic it receives to the
central processing unit (CPU), rather than passing only the frames that the controller is intended to receive.
Which of the following is being described?
A. promiscuous mode
B. port forwarding
C. multi-cast mode
D. WEM
Answer: A
132
Which of the following is a design pattern based on distinct pieces of software providing application
functionality as services to other applications?
A. Service Oriented Architecture
B. Object Oriented Architecture
C. Lean Coding
D. Agile Process
Answer: A
133
What is a "Collision attack" in cryptography?
A. Collision attacks try to find two inputs producing the same hash.
B. Collision attacks try to break the hash into two parts, with the same bytes in each part to get the private
key.
C. Collision attacks try to get the public key.
D. Collision attacks try to break the hash into three parts to get the plaintext value.
Answer: A
134
It is an entity or event with the potential to adversely impact a system through unauthorized access,
destruction, disclosure, denial of service or modification of data.
Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
A. Threat
B. Attack
C. Vulnerability
D. Risk
Answer: A
135
```
You are attempting to man-in-the-middle a session. Which protocol will allow you to guess a sequence
number?
A. TCP
B. UPD
C. ICMP
D. UPX
```
Answer: A
136
When you are getting information about a web server, it is very important to know the HTTP Methods (GET,
POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) that are available because there are two critical methods (PUT and
DELETE). PUT can upload a file to the server and DELETE can delete a file from the server. You can
detect all these methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) using NMAP script engine.
What nmap script will help you with this task?
A. http-methods
B. http enum
C. http-headers
D. http-git
Answer: A
137
How does the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) work?
A. It sends a request packet to all the network elements, asking for the MAC address from a specific IP.
B. It sends a reply packet to all the network elements, asking for the MAC address from a specific IP.
C. It sends a reply packet for a specific IP, asking for the MAC address.
D. It sends a request packet to all the network elements, asking for the domain name from a specific IP.
Answer: A
138
You are performing information gathering for an important penetration test. You have found pdf, doc, and
images in your objective. You decide to extract metadata from these files and analyze it.
What tool will help you with the task?
A. Metagoofil
B. Armitage
C. Dimitry
D. cdpsnarf
Answer: A
139
During a recent security assessment, you discover the organization has one Domain Name Server (DNS) in
a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and a second DNS server on the internal network.
What is this type of DNS configuration commonly called?
A. Split DNS
B. DNSSEC
C. DynDNS
D. DNS Scheme
Answer: A
140
Your company performs penetration tests and security assessments for small and medium-sized business
in the local area. During a routine security assessment, you discover information that suggests your client is
involved with human trafficking.
What should you do?
A. Immediately stop work and contact the proper legal authorities.
B. Copy the data to removable media and keep it in case you need it.
C. Confront the client in a respectful manner and ask her about the data.
D. Ignore the data and continue the assessment until completed as agreed.
Answer: A
141
While using your bank’s online servicing you notice the following string in the URL bar:
“http://www.MyPersonalBank.com/account?id=368940911028389
&Damount=10980&Camount=21”
You observe that if you modify the Damount & Camount values and submit the request, that data on the
web page reflect the changes.
Which type of vulnerability is present on this site?
A. Web Parameter Tampering
B. Cookie Tampering
C. XSS Reflection
D. SQL injection
Answer: A
142
You just set up a security system in your network. In what kind of system would you find the following string
of characters used as a rule within its configuration?
alert tcp any any -> 192.168.100.0/24 21 (msg: "FTP on the network!";)
A. An Intrusion Detection System
B. A firewall IPTable
C. A Router IPTable
D. FTP Server rule
Answer: A
143
It is a regulation that has a set of guidelines, which should be adhered to by anyone who handles any
electronic medical data. These guidelines stipulate that all medical practices must ensure that all necessary
measures are in place while saving, accessing, and sharing any electronic medical data to keep patient
data secure.
Which of the following regulations best matches the description?
A. HIPAA
B. ISO/IEC 27002
C. COBIT
D. FISMA
Answer: A
144
You are tasked to perform a penetration test. While you are performing information gathering, you find an
employee list in Google. You find the receptionist's email, and you send her an email changing the source
email to her boss's email( boss@company ). In this email, you ask for a pdf with information. She reads
your email and sends back a pdf with links. You exchange the pdf links with your malicious links (these links
contain malware) and send back the modified pdf, saying that the links don't work. She reads your email,
opens the links, and her machine gets infected. You now have access to the company network.
What testing method did you use?
A. Social engineering
B. Tailgating
C. Piggybacking
D. Eavesdropping
Answer: A
145
Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network.
What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer?
A. Use a scan tool like Nessus
B. Use the built-in Windows Update tool
C. Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings
D. Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation
Answer: A
146
The Heartbleed bug was discovered in 2014 and is widely referred to under MITRE’s Common
Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) as CVE-2014-0160. This bug affects the OpenSSL implementation of
the transport layer security (TLS) protocols defined in RFC6520.
What type of key does this bug leave exposed to the Internet making exploitation of any compromised
system very easy?
A. Private
B. Public
C. Shared
D. Root
Answer: A
147
As a Certified Ethical Hacker, you were contracted by a private firm to conduct an external security
assessment through penetration testing.
What document describes the specifics of the testing, the associated violations, and essentially protects
both the organization's interest and your liabilities as a tester?
A. Terms of Engagement
B. Project Scope
C. Non-Disclosure Agreement
D. Service Level Agreement
Answer: A
148
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Sniffers operate on Layer 2 of the OSI model
B. Sniffers operate on Layer 3 of the OSI model
C. Sniffers operate on both Layer 2 & Layer 3 of the OSI model.
D. Sniffers operate on the Layer 1 of the OSI model.
Answer: A
149
Port scanning can be used as part of a technical assessment to determine network vulnerabilities. The TCP
XMAS scan is used to identify listening ports on the targeted system.
If a scanned port is open, what happens?
A. The port will ignore the packets.
B. The port will send an RST.
C. The port will send an ACK.
D. The port will send a SYN.
Answer: A
150
This tool is an 802.11 WEP and WPA-PSK keys cracking program that can recover keys once enough data
packets have been captured. It implements the standard FMS attack along with some optimizations like
KoreK attacks, as well as the PTW attack, thus making the attack much faster compared to other WEP
cracking tools.
Which of the following tools is being described?
A. Aircrack-ng
B. Airguard
C. WLAN-crack
D. wificracker
Answer: A
151
You have compromised a server on a network and successfully opened a shell. You aimed to identify all
operating systems running on the network. However, as you attempt to fingerprint all machines in the
network using the nmap syntax below, it is not going through.
What seems to be wrong?
A. OS Scan requires root privileges.
B. The nmap syntax is wrong.
C. This is a common behavior for a corrupted nmap application.
D. The outgoing TCP/IP fingerprinting is blocked by the host firewall.
Answer: A
152
A hacker has successfully infected an internet-facing server which he will then use to send junk mail, take
part in coordinated attacks, or host junk email content.
Which sort of trojan infects this server?
A. Botnet Trojan
B. Turtle Trojans
C. Banking Trojans
D. Ransomware Trojans
Answer: A
153
You have several plain-text firewall logs that you must review to evaluate network traffic. You know that in
order to do fast, efficient searches of the logs you must use regular expressions.
Which command-line utility are you most likely to use?
A. Grep
B. Notepad
C. MS Excel
D. Relational Database
Answer: A
154
```
A common cryptographical tool is the use of XOR. XOR the following binary values: 10110001 00111010
A. 10001011
B. 11011000
C. 10011101
D. 10111100
```
Answer: A
155
```
The purpose of a is to deny network access to local area networks and other information assets by
unauthorized wireless devices.
A. Wireless Intrusion Prevention System
B. Wireless Access Point
C. Wireless Access Control List
D. Wireless Analyzer
```
Answer: A
156
```
Jimmy is standing outside a secure entrance to a facility. He is pretending to have a tense conversation on
his cell phone as an authorized employee badges in. Jimmy, while still on the phone, grabs the door as it
begins to close.
What just happened?
A. Piggybacking
B. Masqurading
C. Phishing
D. Whaling
```
Answer: A
157
A medium-sized healthcare IT business decides to implement a risk management strategy. Which of the
following is NOT one of the five basic responses to risk?
A. Delegate
B. Avoid
C. Mitigate
D. Accept
Answer: A
158
What is the benefit of performing an unannounced Penetration Testing?
A. The tester will have an actual security posture visibility of the target network.
B. Network security would be in a "best state" posture.
C. It is best to catch critical infrastructure unpatched.
D. The tester could not provide an honest analysis.
Answer: A
159
Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus?
A. Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of the MBR
B. Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the MBR
C. Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the actual
program
D. Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code
Answer: A
160
```
Which of the following is the successor of SSL?
A. TLS
B. RSA
C. GRE
D. IPSec
```
Answer: A
161
The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is the worldwide not-for-profit charitable organization
focused on improving the security of software. What item is the primary concern on OWASP's Top Ten
Project Most Critical Web Application Security Risks?
A. Injection
B. Cross Site Scripting
C. Cross Site Request Forgery
D. Path disclosure
Answer: A
162
```
Which regulation defines security and privacy controls for Federal information systems and organizations?
A. NIST-800-53
B. PCI-DSS
C. EU Safe Harbor
D. HIPAA
```
Answer: A
163
A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several ports opened that
were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed. Considering the NMAP result
below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target machine by the OS?
A. The host is likely a printer.
B. The host is likely a Windows machine.
C. The host is likely a Linux machine.
D. The host is likely a router.
Answer: A
164
```
Which of the following is not a Bluetooth attack?
A. Bluedriving
B. Bluejacking
C. Bluesmacking
D. Bluesnarfing
```
Answer: A
165
```
Nation-state threat actors often discover vulnerabilities and hold on to them until they want to launch a
sophisticated attack. The Stuxnet attack was an unprecedented style of attack because it used four types of
vulnerability.
What is this style of attack called?
A. zero-day
B. zero-hour
C. zero-sum
D. no-day
```
Answer: A
166
```
After trying multiple exploits, you've gained root access to a Centos 6 server. To ensure you maintain
access, what would you do first?
A. Create User Account
B. Disable Key Services
C. Disable IPTables
D. Download and Install Netcat
```
Answer: A
167
Which of the following is the greatest threat posed by backups?
A. A backup is the source of Malware or illicit information.
B. A backup is unavailable during disaster recovery.
C. A backup is incomplete because no verification was performed.
D. An un-encrypted backup can be misplaced or stolen.
Answer: D
168
Todd has been asked by the security officer to purchase a counter-based authentication system. Which of
the following best describes this type of system?
A. A biometric system that bases authentication decisions on behavioral attributes.
B. A biometric system that bases authentication decisions on physical attributes.
C. An authentication system that creates one-time passwords that are encrypted with secret keys.
D. An authentication system that uses passphrases that are converted into virtual passwords.
Answer: C
169
The "gray box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction?
A. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester.
B. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.
C. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester.
D. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester.
Answer: A
170
A penetration test was done at a company. After the test, a report was written and given to the company's
IT authorities. A section from the report is shown below:
According to the section from the report, which of the following choice is true?
A. MAC Spoof attacks cannot be performed.
B. Possibility of SQL Injection attack is eliminated.
C. A stateful firewall can be used between intranet (LAN) and DMZ.
D. There is access control policy between VLANs.
Answer: C
171
What mechanism in Windows prevents a user from accidentally executing a potentially malicious batch
(.bat) or PowerShell (.ps1) script?
A. User Access Control (UAC)
B. Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
C. Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)
D. Windows firewall
Answer: B
172
```
Which of the following tools performs comprehensive tests against web servers, including dangerous files
and CGIs?
A. Nikto
B. Snort
C. John the Ripper
D. Dsniff
```
Answer: A
173
```
An attacker tries to do banner grabbing on a remote web server and executes the following command.
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/. Nmap done: 1
IP address (1 host up) scanned in 6.42 seconds
What did the hacker accomplish?
A. nmap can't retrieve the version number of any running remote service.
B. The hacker successfully completed the banner grabbing.
C. The hacker should've used nmap -O host.domain.com.
D. The hacker failed to do banner grabbing as he didn't get the version of the Apache web server.
```
Answer: B
174
In both pharming and phishing attacks an attacker can create websites that look similar to legitimate sites
with the intent of collecting personal identifiable information from its victims. What is the difference between
pharming and phishing attacks?
A. In a pharming attack a victim is redirected to a fake website by modifying their host configuration file or
by exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS. In a phishing attack an attacker provides the victim with a URL that is
either misspelled or looks similar to the actual websites domain name.
B. Both pharming and phishing attacks are purely technical and are not considered forms of social
engineering.
C. Both pharming and phishing attacks are identical.
D. In a phishing attack a victim is redirected to a fake website by modifying their host configuration file or by
exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS. In a pharming attack an attacker provides the victim with a URL that is
either misspelled or looks very similar to the actual websites domain name.
Answer: A
175
By using a smart card and pin, you are using a two-factor authentication that satisfies
A. Something you know and something you are
B. Something you have and something you know
C. Something you have and something you are
D. Something you are and something you remember
Answer: B
176
In many states sending spam is illegal. Thus, the spammers have techniques to try and ensure that no one
knows they sent the spam out to thousands of users at a time. Which of the following best describes what
spammers use to hide the origin of these types of e-mails?
A. A blacklist of companies that have their mail server relays configured to allow traffic only to their specific
domain name.
B. Mail relaying, which is a technique of bouncing e-mail from internal to external mails servers
continuously.
C. A blacklist of companies that have their mail server relays configured to be wide open.
D. Tools that will reconfigure a mail server's relay component to send the e-mail back to the spammers
occasionally.
Answer: B
177
What is the way to decide how a packet will move from an untrusted outside host to a protected inside that
is behind a firewall, which permits the hacker to determine which ports are open and if the packets can pass
through the packet-filtering of the firewall?
A. Firewalking
B. Session hijacking
C. Network sniffing
D. Man-in-the-middle attack
Answer: A
178
Which of the following is one of the most effective ways to prevent Cross-site Scripting (XSS) flaws in
software applications?
A. Validate and escape all information sent to a server
B. Use security policies and procedures to define and implement proper security settings
C. Verify access right before allowing access to protected information and UI controls
D. Use digital certificates to authenticate a server prior to sending data
Answer: A
179
A large mobile telephony and data network operator has a data that houses network elements. These are
essentially large computers running on Linux. The perimeter of the data center is secured with firewalls and
IPS systems. What is the best security policy concerning this setup?
A. Network elements must be hardened with user ids and strong passwords. Regular security tests and
audits should be performed.
B. As long as the physical access to the network elements is restricted, there is no need for additional
measures.
C. There is no need for specific security measures on the network elements as long as firewalls and IPS
systems exist.
D. The operator knows that attacks and down time are inevitable and should have a backup site.
Answer: A
180
What is the most common method to exploit the “Bash Bug” or “ShellShock" vulnerability?
A. Through Web servers utilizing CGI (Common Gateway Interface) to send a malformed environment
variable to a vulnerable Web server
B. Manipulate format strings in text fields
C. SSH
D. SYN Flood
Answer: A
181
```
PGP, SSL, and IKE are all examples of which type of cryptography?
A. Public Key
B. Secret Key
C. Hash Algorithm
D. Digest
```
Answer: A
182
Sid is a judge for a programming contest. Before the code reaches him it goes through a restricted OS and
is tested there. If it passes, then it moves onto Sid. What is this middle step called?
A. Fuzzy-testing the code
B. Third party running the code
C. Sandboxing the code
D. String validating the code
Answer: A
183
To determine if a software program properly handles a wide range of invalid input, a form of automated
testing can be used to randomly generate invalid input in an attempt to crash the program.
What term is commonly used when referring to this type of testing?
A. Fuzzing
B. Randomizing
C. Mutating
D. Bounding
Answer: A
184
Which of these options is the most secure procedure for storing backup tapes?
A. In a climate controlled facility offsite
B. On a different floor in the same building
C. Inside the data center for faster retrieval in a fireproof safe
D. In a cool dry environment
Answer: A
185
```
Which protocol is used for setting up secured channels between two devices, typically in VPNs?
A. IPSEC
B. PEM
C. SET
D. PPP
```
Answer: A
186
An attacker with access to the inside network of a small company launches a successful STP manipulation
attack. What will he do next?
A. He will create a SPAN entry on the spoofed root bridge and redirect traffic to his computer.
B. He will activate OSPF on the spoofed root bridge.
C. He will repeat the same attack against all L2 switches of the network.
D. He will repeat this action so that it escalates to a DoS attack.
Answer: A
187
Which of the following tools is used to analyze the files produced by several packet-capture programs such
as tcpdump, WinDump, Wireshark, and EtherPeek?
A. tcptrace
B. tcptraceroute
C. Nessus
D. OpenVAS
Answer: A
188
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) has a need to authenticate users connecting using analog modems,
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), wireless data services, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN) over a Frame
Relay network.
Which AAA protocol is most likely able to handle this requirement?
A. RADIUS
B. DIAMETER
C. Kerberos
D. TACACS+
Answer: A
189
```
If there is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in intranet, which port scanning technique cannot be used?
A. Spoof Scan
B. TCP Connect scan
C. TCP SYN
D. Idle Scan
```
Answer: C
190
```
Which tier in the N-tier application architecture is responsible for moving and processing data between the
tiers?
A. Application Layer
B. Data tier
C. Presentation tier
D. Logic tier
```
Answer: D
191
The chance of a hard drive failure is once every three years. The cost to buy a new hard drive is $300. It will
require 10 hours to restore the OS and software to the new hard disk. It will require a further 4 hours to
restore the database from the last backup to the new hard disk. The recovery person earns $10/hour.
Calculate the SLE, ARO, and ALE. Assume the EF = 1 (100%).
What is the closest approximate cost of this replacement and recovery operation per year?
A. $146
B. $1320
C. $440
D. $100
Answer: A
192
```
Which of the following types of firewalls ensures that the packets are part of the established session?
A. Stateful inspection firewall
B. Circuit-level firewall
C. Application-level firewall
D. Switch-level firewall
```
Answer: A
193
You work as a Security Analyst for a retail organization. In securing the company's network, you set up a
firewall and an IDS. However, hackers are able to attack the network. After investigating, you discover that
your IDS is not configured properly and therefore is unable to trigger alarms when needed. What type of
alert is the IDS giving?
A. False Negative
B. False Positive
C. True Negative
D. True Positive
Answer: A
194
The establishment of a TCP connection involves a negotiation called 3 way handshake. What type of
message sends the client to the server in order to begin this negotiation?
A. RST
B. ACK
C. SYN-ACK
D. SYN
Answer: D
195
```
Which of the following tools is used to detect wireless LANs using the 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN standards on a
linux platform?
A. Kismet
B. Nessus
C. Netstumbler
D. Abel
```
Answer: A
196
```
Which Metasploit Framework tool can help penetration tester for evading Anti-virus Systems?
A. msfpayload
B. msfcli
C. msfencode
D. msfd
```
Answer: C
197
A new wireless client is configured to join a 802.11 network. This client uses the same hardware and
software as many of the other clients on the network. The client can see the network, but cannot connect. A
wireless packet sniffer shows that the Wireless Access Point (WAP) is not responding to the association
requests being sent by the wireless client.
What is a possible source of this problem?
A. The WAP does not recognize the client’s MAC address
B. The client cannot see the SSID of the wireless network
C. Client is configured for the wrong channel
D. The wireless client is not configured to use DHCP
Answer: A
198
____ is a set of extensions to DNS that provide to DNS clients (resolvers) origin authentication of DNS data
to reduce the threat of DNS poisoning, spoofing, and similar attacks types.
A. DNSSEC
B. Zone transfer
C. Resource transfer
D. Resource records
Answer: A
199
An attacker attaches a rogue router in a network. He wants to redirect traffic to a LAN attached to his router
as part of a man-in-the-middle attack. What measure on behalf of the legitimate admin can mitigate this attack?
A. Only using OSPFv3 will mitigate this risk.
B. Make sure that legitimate network routers are configured to run routing protocols with authentication.
C. Redirection of the traffic cannot happen unless the admin allows it explicitly.
D. Disable all routing protocols and only use static routes.
Answer: B
200
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has alerted the network administrator to a possibly malicious
sequence of packets sent to a Web server in the network's external DMZ. The packet traffic was captured
by the IDS and saved to a PCAP file.
What type of network tool can be used to determine if these packets are genuinely malicious or simply a
false positive?
A. Protocol analyzer
B. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
C. Network sniffer
D. Vulnerability scanner
Answer: A
201
```
Which of the following areas is considered a strength of symmetric key cryptography when compared with
asymmetric algorithms?
A. Scalability
B. Speed
C. Key distribution
D. Security
```
Answer: B
202
```
The security concept of "separation of duties" is most similar to the operation of which type of security
device?
A. Firewall
B. Bastion host
C. Intrusion Detection System
D. Honeypot
```
Answer: A
203
The "black box testing" methodology enforces which kind of restriction?
A. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester.
B. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester.
C. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester.
D. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.
Answer: A
204
```
Attempting an injection attack on a web server based on responses to True/False questions is called which
of the following?
A. Blind SQLi
B. DMS-specific SQLi
C. Classic SQLi
D. Compound SQLi
```
Answer: A
205
You are an Ethical Hacker who is auditing the ABC company. When you verify the NOC one of the
machines has 2 connections, one wired and the other wireless. When you verify the configuration of this
Windows system you find two static routes.
route add 10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.1
route add 0.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0 199.168.0.1
What is the main purpose of those static routes?
A. Both static routes indicate that the traffic is external with different gateway.
B. The first static route indicates that the internal traffic will use an external gateway and the second static
route indicates that the traffic will be rerouted.
C. Both static routes indicate that the traffic is internal with different gateway.
D. The first static route indicates that the internal addresses are using the internal gateway and the second
static route indicates that all the traffic that is not internal must go to an external gateway.
Answer: D
206
```
Which of the following is designed to identify malicious attempts to penetrate systems?
A. Intrusion Detection System
B. Firewall
C. Proxy
D. Router
```
Answer: A
207
An attacker is using nmap to do a ping sweep and a port scanning in a subnet of 254 addresses.
In which order should he perform these steps?
A. The sequence does not matter. Both steps have to be performed against all hosts.
B. First the port scan to identify interesting services and then the ping sweep to find hosts responding to
icmp echo requests.
C. First the ping sweep to identify live hosts and then the port scan on the live hosts. This way he saves
time.
D. The port scan alone is adequate. This way he saves time.
Answer: C
208
```
Which of these is capable of searching for and locating rogue access points?
A. HIDS
B. WISS
C. WIPS
D. NIDS
```
Answer: C
209
Which of the following Nmap commands will produce the following output? Output:
A. nmap -sN -Ps -T4 192.168.1.1
B. nmap -sT -sX -Pn -p 1-65535 192.168.1.1
C. nmap -sS -Pn 192.168.1.1
D. nmap -sS -sU -Pn -p 1-65535 192.168.1.1
Answer: D
210
```
Which method of password cracking takes the most time and effort?
A. Brute force
B. Rainbow tables
C. Dictionary attack
D. Shoulder surfing
```
Answer: A
211
To maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, a security audit of the systems on a network must be
performed to determine their compliance with security policies. Which one of the following tools would most
likely be used in such an audit?
A. Vulnerability scanner
B. Protocol analyzer
C. Port scanner
D. Intrusion Detection System
Answer: A
212
What does a firewall check to prevent particular ports and applications from getting packets into an
organization?
A. Transport layer port numbers and application layer headers
B. Presentation layer headers and the session layer port numbers
C. Network layer headers and the session layer port numbers
D. Application layer port numbers and the transport layer headers
Answer: A
213
A company's security policy states that all Web browsers must automatically delete their HTTP browser
cookies upon terminating. What sort of security breach is this policy attempting to mitigate?
A. Attempts by attackers to access Web sites that trust the Web browser user by stealing the user's
authentication credentials.
B. Attempts by attackers to access the user and password information stored in the company's SQL
database.
C. Attempts by attackers to access passwords stored on the user's computer without the user's knowledge.
D. Attempts by attackers to determine the user's Web browser usage patterns, including when sites were
visited and for how long.
Answer: A
214
The network in ABC company is using the network address 192.168.1.64 with mask 255.255.255.192. In
the network the servers are in the addresses 192.168.1.122, 192.168.1.123 and 192.168.1.124.
An attacker is trying to find those servers but he cannot see them in his scanning. The command he is using
is: nmap 192.168.1.64/28.
Why he cannot see the servers?
A. The network must be down and the nmap command and IP address are ok.
B. He needs to add the command ''''ip address'''' just before the IP address.
C. He is scanning from 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.78 because of the mask /28 and the servers are not in
that range.
D. He needs to change the address to 192.168.1.0 with the same mask.
Answer: C
215
```
Risks = Threats x Vulnerabilities is referred to as the:
A. Risk equation
B. Threat assessment
C. BIA equation
D. Disaster recovery formula
```
Answer: A
216
While performing online banking using a Web browser, a user receives an email that contains a link to an
interesting Web site. When the user clicks on the link, another Web browser session starts and displays a
video of cats playing a piano. The next business day, the user receives what looks like an email from his
bank, indicating that his bank account has been accessed from a foreign country. The email asks the user
to call his bank and verify the authorization of a funds transfer that took place.
What Web browser-based security vulnerability was exploited to compromise the user?
A. Cross-Site Request Forgery
B. Cross-Site Scripting
C. Clickjacking
D. Web form input validation
Answer: A
217
The company ABC recently contracted a new accountant. The accountant will be working with the financial
statements. Those financial statements need to be approved by the CFO and then they will be sent to the
accountant but the CFO is worried because he wants to be sure that the information sent to the accountant
was not modified once he approved it. What of the following options can be useful to ensure the integrity of
the data?
A. The document can be sent to the accountant using an exclusive USB for that document.
B. The CFO can use a hash algorithm in the document once he approved the financial statements.
C. The financial statements can be sent twice, one by email and the other delivered in USB and the
accountant can compare both to be sure it is the same document.
D. The CFO can use an excel file with a password.
Answer: B
218
In cryptanalysis and computer security, 'pass the hash' is a hacking technique that allows an attacker to
authenticate to a remote server/service by using the underlying NTLM and/or LanMan hash of a user's
password, instead of requiring the associated plaintext password as is normally the case.
Metasploit Framework has a module for this technique: psexec. The psexec module is often used by
penetration testers to obtain access to a given system that you already know the credentials for. It was
written by sysinternals and has been integrated within the framework. Often as penetration testers,
successfully gain access to a system through some exploit, use meterpreter to grab the passwords or other
methods like fgdump, pwdump, or cachedump and then utilize rainbowtables to crack those hash values.
Which of the following is true hash type and sort order that is using in the psexec module's 'smbpass'?
A. NT:LM
B. LM:NT
C. LM:NTLM
D. NTLM:LM
Answer: B
219
Scenario: 1. Victim opens the attacker’s web site.
* 2. Attacker sets up a web site which contains interesting and attractive content like 'Do you want to make
S100 In a day?',
*3. Victim clicks to the interesting and attractive content url.
*4- Attacker creates a transparent iframe' in front of the url which victim attempt to click, so victim thinks that
he/she clicks to the 'Do you want to make $1000 in a day?' url but actually he/sne clicks to the content or url
that exists in the transparent iframe' which is setup by the attacker.
What is the name of the attack which is mentioned in the scenario?
A. HTTP Parameter Pollution
B. HTML Injection
C. Session Fixation
D. ClickJacking Attack
Answer: D
220
Eve stole a file named secret.txt, transferred it to her computer and she just entered these commands:
What is she trying to achieve?
A. She is encrypting the file.
B. She is using John the Ripper to view the contents of the file.
C. She is using ftp to transfer the file to another hacker named John.
D. She is using John the Ripper to crack the passwords in the secret.txt file.
Answer: D
221
```
Ricardo wants to send secret messages to a competitor company. To secure these messages, he uses a
technique of hiding a secret message within an ordinary message. The technique provides 'security through
obscurity'.
What technique is Ricardo using?
A. Steganography
B. Public-key cryptography
C. RSA algorithm
D. Encryption
```
Answer: A
222
In Risk Management, how is the term "likelihood" related to the concept of "threat?
A. Likelihood is the probability that a threat-source will exploit a vulnerability.
B. Likelihood is a possible threat-source that may exploit a vulnerability.
C. Likelihood is the likely source of a threat that could exploit a vulnerability.
D. Likelihood is the probability that a vulnerability is a threat-source."
Answer: A
223
The "white box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction?
A. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.
B. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester.
C. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester.
D. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester.
Answer: A
224
Craig received a report of all the computers on the network that showed all the missing patches and weak
passwords. What type of software generated this report?
A. a port scanner
B. a vulnerability scanner
C. a virus scanner
D. a malware scanner
Answer: B
225
Which of the following security operations is used for determining the attack surface of an organization?
A. Running a network scan to detect network services in the corporate DMZ
B. Training employees on the security policy regarding social engineering
C. Reviewing the need for a security clearance for each employee
D. Using configuration management to determine when and where to apply security patches
Answer: A
226
Which of the following is considered the best way to protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from
Web application vulnerabilities?
A. Use cryptographic storage to store all PII
B. Use encrypted communications protocols to transmit PII
C. Use full disk encryption on all hard drives to protect PII
D. Use a security token to log into all Web applications that use PII
Answer: A
227
Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, smallsized
packets to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect the attack signatures.
Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks?
A. Whisker
B. tcpsplice
C. Burp
D. Hydra
Answer: A
228
An attacker is trying to redirect the traffic of a small office. That office is using their own mail server, DNS
server and NTP server because of the importance of their job. The attacker gains access to the DNS server
and redirects the direction www.google.com to his own IP address. Now when the employees of the office
want to go to Google they are being redirected to the attacker machine. What is the name of this kind of
attack?
A. ARP Poisoning
B. Smurf Attack
C. DNS spoofing
D. MAC Flooding
Answer: C
229
The company ABC recently discovered that their new product was released by the opposition before their
premiere. They contract an investigator who discovered that the maid threw away papers with confidential
information about the new product and the opposition found it in the garbage. What is the name of the
technique used by the opposition?
A. Hack attack
B. Sniffing
C. Dumpster diving
D. Spying
Answer: C
230
```
Which of the following is a low-tech way of gaining unauthorized access to systems?
A. Social Engineering
B. Sniffing
C. Eavesdropping
D. Scanning
```
Answer: A
231
During a security audit of IT processes, an IS auditor found that there were no documented security
procedures. What should the IS auditor do?
A. Identify and evaluate existing practices
B. Create a procedures document
C. Conduct compliance testing
D. Terminate the audit
Answer: A
232
Due to a slowdown of normal network operations, IT department decided to monitor internet traffic for all of
the employees. From a legal stand point, what would be troublesome to take this kind of measure?
A. All of the employees would stop normal work activities
B. IT department would be telling employees who the boss is
C. Not informing the employees that they are going to be monitored could be an invasion of privacy.
D. The network could still experience traffic slow down.
Answer: C
233
What is the role of test automation in security testing?
A. It can accelerate benchmark tests and repeat them with a consistent test setup. But it cannot replace
manual testing completely.
B. It is an option but it tends to be very expensive.
C. It should be used exclusively. Manual testing is outdated because of low speed and possible test setup
inconsistencies.
D. Test automation is not usable in security due to the complexity of the tests.
Answer: A
