FCM II

Question 1

the study of distribution of disease/physiologic condition in human population and the factors that affects its distribution

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

study of DISTRIBUTION DETERMINANTS of HEALTH RELATED STATES in a POPULATION and the application of this study to CONTROL HEALTH PROBLEMS

Answer 2

Epidemiology

Question 3

Define Epidemiology

Answer 3

study
distribution of disease/physiologic condition
human population
factors that affects its distribution

Question 4

epi means

Answer 4

Above/upon

Question 5

Demos means

Answer 5

people

Question 6

What is Population Medicine

Answer 6

Examination of Disease occurrence not in the individual but in the population

Question 7

occurrence of disease or condition

Answer 7

Distribution

Question 8

Groups of people

Answer 8

population

Question 9

Population may be defined by

Answer 9

Geographic
Characteristics attributes (Age, gender)

Question 10

variable responsible for the observed distribution of the condition

Answer 10

Factor

Question 11

identify the factor:

Drinking of Alcohol among adolescents

Answer 11

Factors may be:
Family function
Self-efficacy

Question 12

One of the objectives of Epidemiology is to Identify

Answer 12

Etiology of a disease
Risk factors
extent of disease found in the community

Question 13

Other objectives of epidemiology

Answer 13

1. Study the natural Hx and Prognosis of a Dse
2. Evaluate effectiveness of a new preventive and Therapeutic measures and modes of health care delivery
3. Provide foundation for the development of policy and regulating decisions related to environmental problems

Question 14

what are the goals of Epidemiology

Answer 14

Prevention of Disease

Promotion of Health

Question 15

Scope of Epidemiology (ICA-DISH)

Answer 15

Infectious Dse
Chronic Dse
Accidents
Drug Abuse
Injuries
Suicide
Health Service Research

Question 16

(Key) Uses of Epidemiology

Answer 16

1. Health problems
2. High Risk groups
3. Natural Hx of Dse
4. Dse surveillance and control
5. PEM of Health Services
6. Health policies
7. STATISTICS AND CLINICAL MEDICINE

Question 17

it evolved from the scientific revolution of the 1600s (Lomei)

Answer 17

Logic of Modern Epidemiologic Investigations

Question 18

generalized statements about relationships between dse and man

Answer 18

Law of Mortality

Question 19

when was the Royal Society of London established?

Answer 19

1662

Question 20

identified broad causes of mortality (acute and chronic)

Answer 20

John Graunt

Question 21

John Graunt collected what? and Constructed what?

Answer 21

Collected BILLS OF MORTALITY

Constructed FIRST KNOWN LIFETABLE

Question 22

a Life table contains?

Answer 22

VITAL EVENTS in one’s life

Question 23

reported in the usage of citrus as treatment for scurvy in sailors

Answer 23

James Lind (1747)

Question 24

What did Daniel Bernoulli do?

Answer 24

(1760) he made an epidemiologic analysis on smallpox inoculation

Question 25

this event stimulated an interest in the public health and preventive medicine

Answer 25

French Revolution

Question 26

one of the first modern epidemiologists who pioneered in emphasizing statistical methods in medicine

Answer 26

Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis

Question 27

the 2 leading epidemiological institutions of Victorian Era

Answer 27

The Registrar-General's Office | London Epidemiological Society

Question 28

Legislated into existence as a centralized registry for information on births, deaths and marriages

Answer 28

The Registrar-General's Office (1863)

Question 29

ESTABLISHED TO DETERMINE THE ETIOLOGY OF CHOLERA

Answer 29

London Epidemiological Society

Question 30

He developed the concept of Mortality surveillance

Answer 30

William Farr

Question 31

First to use the vital statistics and other demographic data for epidemiologic purposes

Answer 31

William Farr

Question 32

conducted several studies regarding cholera

Answer 32

John Snow

Question 33

Utilized a spot map to hypothesize that cholera might be associated with contaminated water

Answer 33

John Snow

Question 34

what are the 4 Koch's Postulates?

Answer 34

1. Microbes should be observed in every case of the disease 2. it must be isolated and grown in pure culture 3. when inoculated, the disease must be reproduced 4. microbe should be recoverd from the diseased animal

Question 35

identified the cholera vibrio

Answer 35

Robert Koch

Question 36

Studied typhoid fever

Answer 36

William Budd

Question 37

Argued against Miasmatic origin of the Typhoid fever, and inferred that TF was a "contagious and self-propagating fever"

Answer 37

William Budd

Question 38

His epidemiological studies identifiedthe etiology of pellagra and made it possible to develop interventions

Answer 38

Edgar Sydenstricker

Question 39

randomized clinical trial

Answer 39

Bradford Hill

Question 40

sought to use the first national cancer survey

Answer 40

Harold Dorn

Question 41

Something that brings about a result

Answer 41

Cause

Question 42

Why is knowledge on cause important?

Answer 42

Formulation of intervention measures | Formulation of preventive and control measures

Question 43

What is association

Answer 43

identifiable relationship between exposure and disease

Question 44

presence of mechanism that leads from exposure to disease

Answer 44

causation

Question 45

Types of Causation

Answer 45

Causal(Direct, Indirect) | Non-causal

Question 46

Factors in causation

Answer 46

Predisposing factors Precipitating factors Enabling factors Reinforcing factors

Question 47

Types of causal factors

Answer 47

Sufficient | Necessary

Question 48

Is an event, condition, characteristic or a combination of these factors which plays an important role in producing the health outcome

Answer 48

Cause of disease

Question 49

if no causal association, observed association could be due to?

Answer 49

bias, confounders, and chance