FEAB

Question 1

tonicity> ICF, osmotic pressure unequal inside & out of cells
- dehydration or _______ fluid draws water out of cells into more highly concentrated ECF
- I.E., D5 0.45% NaCl, D5 NaCl

Answer 1

hypertonic

Question 2

tonicity = ICF, osmotic pressure is same inside & out of cells (do not shrink or swell)
- I.E., LR, NS (0.9%)

Answer 2

isotonic

Question 3

tonicity < ICF, osmotic pressure draws water in cells leading to severe electrolyte loss & inappropriate use of IV can lead to __________.
- I.E., 0.45% NaCl

Answer 3

hypotonic

Question 4

fluid volume deficit

Answer 4

hypovolemia

Question 5

fluid volume excess

Answer 5

hypervolemia

Question 6

hypotonic in Pt (2)

Answer 6

Dextrose & 0.45% NaCl NS

Question 7

isotonic in Pt (2)

Answer 7

LR & 0.9% NaCl NS

Question 8

hypertonic in Pt (2)

Answer 8

3% NaCl NS & Dextrose in 1/2 NS

Question 9

isotonic, hypertonic, & hypotonic =

Answer 9

crystalloids

Question 10

substances that increase the colloid osmotic pressure =
- contains proteins
- NO oxygen carrying capability

Answer 10

colloids

Question 11

stabilizes BP, regulates heart contractions, and regulates muscle functions

Answer 11

potassium

Question 12

responsible for muscle contraction, proper heart rhythm, nerve function, bone-building & strengthening, decreases anxiety, digestion, stabilizes protein-fluid balance

Answer 12

magnesium

Question 13

responsible for fluids balance, muscle contraction, nerve signaling

Answer 13

sodium

Question 14

responsible for muscle contraction, nerve signaling, blood clotting, cell division, forming & maintaining bones and teeth

Answer 14

calcium

Question 15

fluid balance

Answer 15

chloride

Question 16

Calcium range =

Answer 16

4.5 - 5.5 mEq/L

Question 17

Potassium range =

Answer 17

3.5 - 5 mEq/L

Question 18

Sodium range =

Answer 18

135 -145 mEq/L

Question 19

Chloride range =

Answer 19

95-108 mEq/L

Question 20

Magnesium range =

Answer 20

1.5 -2.5 mEq/L

Question 21

Phosphate range =

Answer 21

2.5 - 4.5 mEq/L

Question 22

• hypoparathyroidism
• acute pancreatitis
• hyperphosphatemia
• thyroid carcinoma
• vitamin D deficiency

Answer 22

hypocalcemia

Question 23

• prolonged immobilization
• hyperparathyroidism
• malignancy of bone

Answer 23

hypercalcemia

Question 24

• excessive loss through vomiting, urination, perspiration, or diarrhea
• use of drugs
• poor intake of potassium
• hyperaldosteronism

Answer 24

hypokalemia

Question 25

- renal failure - hypoaldosteronism - use of drugs - excessive intake of potassium - condition where potassium moves out of tissue cells into plasma

Answer 25

hyperkalemia

Question 26

- excessive loss through diarrhea, sweating, vomiting, or use of diuretics - excessive water intake - head injury

Answer 26

hyponatremia

Question 27

- loss of fluids through diarrhea - deprivation of water - excessive salt intake - diabetes insipidus - heat stroke

Answer 27

hypernatremia

Question 28

- Addison's disease - diarrhea - metabolic alkalosis - respiratory acidosis - vomiting

Answer 28

hypochloremia

Question 29

- cardiac decompensation - metabolic acidosis - respiratory alkalosis - corticosteroid therapy - uremia

Answer 29

hyperchloremia

Question 30

- excessive loss from GI tract - use of drugs - chronic alcoholism - diabetic ketoacidosis - hyperparathyroidism

Answer 30

hypomagnesemia

Question 31

- renal disease & renal failure - treatment with magnesium and magnesium-containing meds

Answer 31

hypermagnesemia

Question 32

- alkalosis - diabetes - chronic alcoholism - recovery from malnutrition - severe diarrhea

Answer 32

hypophosphatemia

Question 33

- renal failure - hypoparathyroidism - excessive ingestion of phosphorus - trauma - heat stroke

Answer 33

hyperphosphatemia