features of science

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

set of principles which can be used to explain specific events

Question 2

Theory construction

Answer 2

takes place through gathering evidence from direct observation during investigations

Question 3

Deduction

Answer 3

• the process of deriving new hypotheses from an already existing theory

Question 4

Falsifiability

Answer 4

• the principle that states a theory cannot be considered scientific unless it allows itself to be proven untrue

popper states that successful theories have been constantly tested

Question 5

paradigm and paradigm shift

Answer 5

paradigm - set of shared ideas and assumptions within a scientific discipline

paradigm shift - significant change in these central observations and assumptions

Kuhn - suggests that paradigms are what separate scientific disciplines from non scientific disciplines
- also believes that paradigm shifts slows progress within a science

Question 6

Replicability

Answer 6

the extent to which scientific methods and their results can be repeated by other researchers

Question 7

Objectivity

Answer 7

when all possible biases from researcher are minimised so that they don’t have influence or distort the research process

Question 8

The empirical method

Answer 8

evidence is collected through making direct observations and direct experiences