february revolution Flashcards
(14 cards)
What sparked the February Revolution of 1917?
A spontaneous explosion of anger against economic problems (food shortages and low wages) and political problems (closure of the fourth duma)
The revolution was primarily driven by industrial workers rather than the middle class or revolutionary groups.
Who primarily made up the provisional government established after the February Revolution?
Middle class, liberal, socialist revolutionaries, Mensheviks
Most members had little to do with the revolution and were often frustrated by their exclusion from the influential court circle.
What were some political factors contributing to the downfall of Tsar Nicholas II?
Commitment to autocracy, refusal to listen to the Duma, decision to close the fourth Duma, personal limitations
The Tsar’s personal limitations included being unfit to run a village post office, according to a government minister.
How did the agricultural system in Russia contribute to the downfall of the Tsar?
Inefficient agricultural system, dependence on strip farming, limited industry
Strip farming allowed crop disease to spread quickly and reduce yields.
What economic effects did World War I have on Russia?
Economic collapse, incapacity to produce necessary goods, outdated agricultural and transport systems
The major goods needed included shells, weapons, and uniforms.
What were the consequences of the Tsar taking control of the army in 1915?
Unprepared army, poor training, out of date weapons, and high casualties
8 million killed, wounded, or captured during the war weakened the Tsar’s position.
Fill in the blank: The Tsar’s refusal to listen to the _______ contributed to political discontent.
Duma
What was one major reason for worker discontent leading up to the February Revolution?
Food shortages
By the end of 1916, Moscow and Petrograd were only receiving half of their food requirements.
True or False: The industrial output in Russia dropped by 50% between 1914 and 1917.
True
What was the inflation rate increase in Russia from 1914 to 1917?
400%
Certain food prices, like wheat and potatoes, increased even more sharply.
What was the role of the ‘Progressive Bloc’ formed in early 1917?
Highlighted government failures and suggested alternatives to the tsarist system
The bloc included Kadets, Octobrists, nationalists, and some industrialists.
Fill in the blank: The area of land under cultivation fell by ______% by the end of 1916.
20
What was a significant military mistake made by Tsar Nicholas II?
Poor communication and lack of preparation for total war
Many soldiers were poorly equipped, with only 1 in 3 having a rifle.
How did the relationship between the government and the Duma affect the Tsar’s rule?
Poor relationship led to discontent and calls for reform
The Duma’s support for the Tsar dwindled after numerous defeats in the war.
