Fecalysis

Question 1

contains bacteria, cellulose, undigested foodstuffs, GI secretions, bile pigments, cells from the intestinal walls, electrolytes, and water

Answer 1

Normal fecal specimen

Question 2

approximately excreted in a 24-hour period

Answer 2

100-200 g of feces

Question 3

primary source of final breakdown.

Answer 3

Small intestine

Question 4

Digestive enzymes secreted into the small intestine by the pancreas include

Answer 4

trypsin, chymotrypsin, amino peptidase, and lipase.

Question 5

Only about ___ mL of ingested fluid is excreted in the feces

Answer 5

150 mL of ingested fluid

Question 6

An increase in daily stool weight above 200g.

Answer 6

Diarrhea

Question 7

Increase liquidity of stools.

Answer 7

Diarrhea

Question 8

Frequency of more than three times per day.

Answer 8

Diarrhea

Question 9

Types of Diarrhea

Answer 9

Acute and Chronic

Question 10

Lasts less than 4 weeks

Answer 10

Acute Diarrhea

Question 11

More than 4 weeks

Answer 11

Chronic Diarrhea

Question 12

Caused by increased secretion of water.

Answer 12

SECRETORY DIARRHEA

Question 13

Caused by poor absorption that exerts osmotic pressure across the intestinal mucosa.

Answer 13

OSMOTIC DIARRHEA

Question 14

Caused by Bacterial, viral, and
protozoan infections, drugs, stimulant laxatives, hormones, inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 14

SECRETORY DIARRHEA

Question 15

Cause by:
- Disaccharidase deficiency (lactose intolerance)
- Malabsorption (celiac sprue)
- Poorly absorbed sugars (lactose,sorbitol, mannitol)
- Laxatives, magnesium-
containing antacids, amebiasis, and antibiotic administration.

Answer 15

Osmotic Diarrhea

Question 16

is useful in diagnosing pancreatic insufficiency and small-bowel disorders that cause malabsorption.

Answer 16

Fecal fat

Question 17

Used to distinguished steatorrhea in maldigestion & malabsorption.

Answer 17

D-XYLOSE TEST

Question 18

Indicates a malabsorption condition

Answer 18

Low D-xylose

Question 19

Indicates pancreatitis

Answer 19

Normal D-xylose

Question 20

Excessive movement of intestinal contents through the GI tract.

Answer 20

INTESTINAL HYPERMOTILITY

Question 21

Caused by Enteritis, the use of parasympathetic drugs, or with
complications of malabsorption.

Answer 21

INTESTINAL HYPERMOTILITY

Question 22

Used for collecting random specimens

Answer 22

Plastic or glass containers with screw-tops similar to those used for urine specimens

Question 23

For quantitative testing such as fecal fats.

Answer 23

Timed specimen

Question 24

most representative sample.

Answer 24

3 day collection

Question 25

due to intestinal oxidation of stercobilinogen to urobilin.

Answer 25

Brown color stool

Question 26

Separate hard lumps (severe constipation)

Answer 26

Type 1

Question 27

Lumpy and sausage-like (mild constipation)

Answer 27

Type 2

Question 28

A sausage shape with cracks in the surface (normal)

Answer 28

Type 3

Question 29

Like a smooth soft sausage or snake (Normal)

Answer 29

Type 4

Question 30

Soft blobs with clear-cut edges (Lacking fiber)

Answer 30

Type 5

Question 31

Mushy consistency with ragged edges (Mild Diarrhea)

Answer 31

Type 6

Question 32

Liquid consistency with no solid pieces (Severe diarrhea)

Answer 32

Type 7

Question 33

Upper GI Bleeding Iron Therapy Charcoal Bismuth (antacids)

Answer 33

Black

Question 34

Lower GI Bleeding Beets and food coloring Rifampin

Answer 34

Red

Question 35

Bile-duct obstruction Barium Sulfate

Answer 35

Pale Yellow, White, Gray

Question 36

Biliverdin/Oral Antibiotics Pancreatic disorders

Answer 36

Green

Question 37

Bile-duct obstruction Pancreatic disorders

Answer 37

Bulky/Frothy

Question 38

Intestinal constriction

Answer 38

Ribbon-like

Question 39

Colitis Dysentery Malignancy Constipation

Answer 39

Mucus of blood streaked mucus

Question 40

Specimens can be examined as wet preparations stained with methylene blue or as dried smears stained with Wright’s or Gram stain.

Answer 40

Leukocytes

Question 41

seen in the feces in conditions that affect the intestinal mucosa.

Answer 41

Neutrophils

Question 42

Available for detecting fecal leukocytes and remains sensitive in refrigerated and frozen specimens.

Answer 42

LACTOFERRIN LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST

Question 43

indicates invasive bacterial pathogen

Answer 43

Lactoferrin

Question 44

Entire slide is examined for exactly 5 minutes.

Answer 44

Muscle fibers

Question 45

Number of red-stained fibers with well-preserved striations is counted.

Answer 45

Muscle fibers

Question 46

have visible striations running both vertically and horizontall

Answer 46

Undigested fibers

Question 47

exhibit striations in only one direction.

Answer 47

Partially digested fibers

Question 48

No visible striations

Answer 48

Digested fibers

Question 49

presence of more than 10 is reported as

Answer 49

Increased

Question 50

Patients should be instructed to include red meat in their diet

Answer 50

Before collecting the specimen

Question 51

Specimens should be

Answer 51

examined within 24 hours of collection.

Question 52

Neutral fats (triglycerides), fatty acid salts (soaps), fatty acids, and cholesterol

Answer 52

Fecal fats

Question 53

Dyes used for staining in fecal fats

Answer 53

Sudan III, Sudan IV ,Oil red O

Question 54

most routinely used for staining.

Answer 54

Sudan III

Question 55

2 Parts of Staining Procedure

Answer 55

Neutral fat & Split fat

Question 56

More than 60 droplets/hpf can indicate steatorrhea

Answer 56

Neutral fats

Question 57

Both the number and size of the fat droplets must be considered

Answer 57

Split fat

Question 58

100 droplets measuring 1to 8 um

Answer 58

Slightly increased

Question 59

100 droplets measuring 6 to 75 um

Answer 59

increased, commonly seen in steatorrhea.

Question 60

Principle: Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin from hydrogen peroxide to oxidize guiac reagent

Answer 60

gFOBT

Question 61

Int: Blue color indicates gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 61

gFOBT

Question 62

Principle: Uses polyclonal anti-human antibodies specific for the globin portion of human hemoglobin.

Answer 62

iFOBT

Question 63

Int: Positive test and control lines indicate GI bleeding.

Answer 63

iFOBT

Question 64

Principle: Addition of sodium hydroxide to hemoglobin- containing emulsion determines presence of maternal or fetal blood.

Answer 64

APT Test

Question 65

Int: Pink color indicates presence of fetal blood

Answer 65

APT test

Question 66

Principle: Emulsified specimen placed on x-ray paper determines ability to digest gelatin.

Answer 66

Trypsin

Question 67

Int: Inability to digest gelatin indicates lack of trypsin.

Answer 67

Trypsin

Question 68

Principle: Immunoassay using an ELISA test

Answer 68

Elastase I

Question 69

Int: Sensitive indicator of Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Answer 69

Elastase I

Question 70

Principle: Addition of Clinitest tablet to emulsified stool detects presence of reducing substances

Answer 70

Clinitest

Question 71

Int: Reaction of 0.5 g/dL reducing substances suggests carbohydrate intolerance.

Answer 71

Clinitest