Fecalysis

Question 1

Are examined for protozoa, helminthes, larva or eggs.

Answer 1

Fecal specimen

Question 2

2 Stages of protozoa found in stool samples are

Answer 2

1. Trophozoites
2. Cysts

Question 2

2 Stages of Parasites

Answer 2

1. Protozoa
2. Heminthes

Question 3

2 Helminthes

Answer 3

1. Platyhelminthes
2. Helminths

Question 4

Container should be free from [2]

Answer 4

Antiseptic and Disinfectant

Question 5

Suitable for qualitative testing for blood and microscopic examination.

Answer 5

Random specimen

Question 6

For quantitative fecal testing such as fecal fat testing.

Answer 6

Timed specimen

Question 7

The container with specimen should be clearly labeled with what [2]

Answer 7

1. Patient’s name or number
2. Date and time of collection

Question 8

It allows fecal samples to be examined after a delay in delivery or postage or testing.

Answer 8

Preservation

Question 9

5 Most common fixatives

Answer 9

1. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
2. Merthiolate Iodine Formalin, (MIF)
3. Sodium acetate Acetic acid Formalin (SAF)
4. Formalin
5. Bayer’s solution

Question 10

Beyond __ hour the stool must be refrigerated.

Answer 10

1

Question 11

It has been used for many years as an all purpose fixative that is appropriate for helminthes eggs and larvae for protozoan cyst.

Answer 11

Formalin 4%

Question 12

The major disadvantage of this fixative is that permanent staining procedures can’t be performed from formalin preserved stool samples.

[fixative]

Answer 12

Formalin

Question 13

This fixative is recommended for the preservation of the trophozoite and cyst stages of the intestinal protozoa, and also suitable for helminthes eggs and larvae.

[fixative]

Answer 13

PVA

Question 14

The preservation of the two stages of protozoa is excellent.

[fixative]

Answer 14

PVA

Question 15

A plastic resin that serves as adhesive for the stool material.

[fixative]

Answer 15

PVA

Question 16

Concentration methods can’t performed the specimen preserved by this fixative.

[fixative]

Answer 16

PVA

Question 17

The greatest advantage of this fixative is that a permanent stain can be prepared from stool specimen preserved by this fixative, giving excellent result to trichrome staining.

[fixative]

Answer 17

PVA

Question 18

Specimen preserved by PVA can’t be used with immunoassay kits.

[fixative]

Answer 18

PVA

Question 19

Toxic, because contain mercury compound.

[fixative]

Answer 19

PVA

Question 20

Good routine fixative for protozoan cyst and trophozoites, helminthes, eggs and larvae.

[fixative]

Answer 20

SAF

Question 21

The preserved stool samples permits concentration techniques, most monoclonal detection kits, and permanent staining.

[fixative]

Answer 21

SAF

Question 22

It has poor adhesive properties.

[fixative]

Answer 22

SAF

Question 23

Mayer’s albumin has been recommended as an adhesive.

[fixative]

Answer 23

SAF

Question 24

Preserved material can be used for concentration techniques and permanent stained smears. (CB, IHK) [fixative]

Answer 24

SAF

Question 25

Preserved material can be used for some immunoassay methods. [fixative]

Answer 25

SAF

Question 26

Easy to prepare and has long shelf life. [fixative]

Answer 26

SAF

Question 27

Unlike PVA, it contains no mercury compounds. It is therefore much less toxic than PVA. [fixative]

Answer 27

SAF

Question 28

The fixative was originally developed as a screening procedure for intestinal parasites. [fixative]

Answer 28

MIF

Question 29

Combines preservation and staining for most kinds and stages found in faeces. [fixative]

Answer 29

MIF

Question 30

It contains, Merthiolate, Iodine, Formalin [fixative]

Answer 30

MIF

Question 31

Major disadvantages are short life and permanent stained smears can't prepared. [fixative]

Answer 31

MIF

Question 32

Wash in water to remove the mucus. [preservation of worms]

Answer 32

Cestodes

Question 33

Large tapeworms such as Taenia can be washed for several hours to relax the musculature, can then be fixed in 10% formol saline. [preservation of worms]

Answer 33

Cestodes

Question 34

These should be treated in a similar manner to cestodes, and mounted with ventral sucker uppermost. [preservation of worms]

Answer 34

Trematodes

Question 35

Adult are washed in saline to remove mucus. [preservation of worms]

Answer 35

Nematodes

Question 36

Large worms such as Ascaris lumbricoides can be fixed and preserved in cold 5% formalin. [preservation of worms]

Answer 36

Nematodes

Question 37

3 Preservation of worms.

Answer 37

1. Cestodes 2. Trematodes 3. Nematodes

Question 38

Liquid specimens (which are more likely to contain trophozoites) should be examined within 30 mins while soft specimens within 1 hour of passage.

Answer 38

Specimen processing

Question 39

A series of tests done on a stool (feces) sample to help diagnose certain conditions affecting the digestive tract.

Answer 39

Stool analysis

Question 40

These conditions can include infection (such as from parasites, viruses, or bacteria), poor nutrient absorption, or cancer.

Answer 40

Stool analysis

Question 41

The smallest acceptable amount of stool is.

Answer 41

2-5 g

Question 42

It should not be allowed to contaminate the specimen.

Answer 42

Urine

Question 43

Color & Consistency [laboratory analysis]

Answer 43

Macroscopic Examination

Question 44

- WHC/HPF - RBC/HP - Mucus

Answer 44

Microscopic Examination

Question 45

It is a normal color, results from the intestinal oxidation of stercobilinogen to urobilin. [color]

Answer 45

Brown

Question 46

Colors occur when iron or bismuth is taken or when there is intestinal hemorrhage. [color]

Answer 46

Bright red to Dark red

Question 47

Stools indicate the biliary obstruction, steatorrea, and also associated with diagnostic procedures that use barium sulfate. [color]

Answer 47

Pale yellow

Question 48

Stools occur when there is obstructive jaundice. [color]

Answer 48

White stools

Question 49

Stool may observed in patient taking oral antibiotic, because of oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin. [color]

Answer 49

Green stool

Question 50

It is the simplest and easiest technique for the examination of feces, and this method should be performed in all laboratories at peripheral level. [microscopic examination]

Answer 50

Wet mount

Question 51

It can be prepared directly from fecal material or from concentrated specimens. [microscopic examination]

Answer 51

Wet mount

Question 52

Used for the initial microscopic examination of stool specimens. [microscopic examination]

Answer 52

Saline wet mount

Question 53

This type of mount can also reveal the presence of red blood cells and white blood cells. [microscopic examination]

Answer 53

Saline wet mount

Question 54

It is used mainly to stain glycogen and the nuclei of cysts, if present. [microscopic examination]

Answer 54

Iodine wet mount

Question 55

Cyst can usually be specifically identified in this mount. [microscopic examination]

Answer 55

Iodine wet mount

Question 56

Stains amoebic trophozoites, but not stain amoebic cysts, flagellate trophozoites or flagellate cysts. [microscopic examination]

Answer 56

Buffered Methylene Blue Wet Mount

Question 57

Take the portion of stool from an area to include inside and outside parts of the specimen. [stool type]

Answer 57

Formed stool

Question 58

If mucus is present, label a second slide with the patient's name or number. [stool type]

Answer 58

Stool with mucus

Question 59

If mucus is not present, pick up a small portion of the stool and mix with saline. [stool type]

Answer 59

Loose watery stool