Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CHECKPOINT NOTES > FECES AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS > Flashcards

FECES AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Clinical significance of fecal analysis

A

Early detection of gastrointestinal bleeding
Liver and biliary duct disorders
Maldigestion or malabsorption syndromes
Inflammation
Causes of diarrhea
Identification of pathogenic bacteria and parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal fecal specimen composition

A

Water
Bacteria
Cellulose
Other undigested food stuffs
Gastrointestinal secretions
Bile pigments
Cells from the intestinal walls
Electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Final breakdown and reabsorption elements

A

Ingested proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Final breakdown and reabsorption site

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Digestive enzymes elements

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Amino peptidase
Lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Digestive enzymes are secreted by the

A

Pancreas into the small intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bile salts that help in fat digestion are provided by the

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Any deficiency of the substances will result to [?] and the excess undigested or an absorbed material will [?]

A

Malbsorption or maldigestion
Appear in feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The large intestine is capable of absorbing

A

~3000 mL or 3 L of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exceeds 3000 mL or 3 L of water

A

Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When the fecal materials this a long time in the large intestine, it provides time for the additional water to be reabsorbed

A

Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brown color of the thesis results from the intestinal oxidation of [?] to [?], also from [?] to [?]

A

Stercobilinogen to Urobilin
Stercobilin to Hydrobilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Increase in daily stool weight above 200 grams with increased liquidity and frequency of more than three times per day

A

Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diarrhea is classified according to

A

Duration of illness
Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(< 4 weeks)

A

Acute diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(> 4 weeks)

A

Chronic diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Increased secretion of water due to enterotoxin-producing organisms

A

Secretory diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

E. coli, Clostridium, V. cholera, salmonella, shigella, staphylococcus, campylobacter, protozoa, and parasites such as cryptosporidium

A

Secretory diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drugs
stimulant laxatives
hormones
inflammatory bowel disease (Chron disease, ulcerative colitis
lymphocytic colitis, diverticulitis)
endocrine disorders
neoplasms
collagen vascular disease

A

Secretory diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where absorption due to incomplete breakdown (maldigestion) or reabsorption of food (malabsorption) which exerts osmotic pressure across the intestinal mucosa

A

Osmotic diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Causes:

Disaccharidase deficiency (lactose intolerance)
Malabsorption (celiac sprue)
Poorly absorbed sugars (lactose, sorbitol, mannitol)
Laxatives
Magnesium containing antacids
Amoebiasis
Antibiotic administration

A

Osmotic diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fecal osmotic gap

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Osmotic gap
Stool Na
pH
(-) reducing substances
Common fetal tests

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Osmotic gap
Stool Na
pH
(-) reducing substances
Common fetal tests

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Increase stool fat that exceeds 6 grams per day
Steatorrhea
26
Due to pancreatic insufficiency or disorders or to absence of bile salts
Steatorrhea
27
May also be present in malabsorption and maldigestion and can be distinguished by d xylose test
Steatorrhea
28
If d xylose is low, steatorrhea is caused by
Malabsorption
29
Causes of malabsorption
Bacterial overgrowth Intestinal resection Celiac disease Tropical sprue Lymphoma Whipple disease Giardia lamblia infestation Chron disease Intestinal ischemia
30
A normal d-xylose indicates
Pancreatitis
31
Feces appear [?] in consistency and have a very [?]
Pale, greasy, bulky, spongy, or pasty Strong odor
32
Collect in a clean container and transferred to the laboratory container
33
Specimen must not be contaminated with urine or toilet water
34
Types of fecal specimen
Random FOBT 3 day or 72 hour
35
Collected in a plastic or glass containers and suitable for qualitative testing of blood and microscopic examination of leukocytes, muscle fibers, and fetal fats
Random
36
Material collected on physician's glove and applied to filter paper in occult blood testing
FOBT
37
Collected in large containers for quantitative fecal fat testing
3 day or 72 hour
38
Types of preservation
Physical Chemical
39
Regeneration
Physical preservation
40
Containers that contain preservatives for ova and parasites must not be used to collect specimens for other tests
Chemical preservation
41
Chemical preservatives
Formalin 95% ethanol Glycerol in NSS, MIF, PVA
42
Normal physical examination values for fecal analysis Quantity: Color: Consistency; Odor: pH:
Quantity: 100 to 200 grams per day Color: light to dark brown Consistency: soft to well formed Odor: foul to offensive pH: 7.0 - 8.0
43
Pathologic: biliary obstruction/post-hepatic obstruction
Clay-colored or gray, pale, yellow or white, acholic
44
Non pathologic: barium sulfate
Clay-colored or gray, pale, yellow or white, acholic
45
Blood (bright red from lower GI bleeding)
Red
46
Beets
Red
47
Food dyes
Red
48
Drugs
Red
49
Blood (black, tarry from upper GI bleeding)
Black
50
Iron therapy
Black
51
Charcoal ingestion
Black
52
Bismuth
Black
53
Green vegetables
Green
54
Biliverdin
Green
55
ingestion or enema
Clay-colored or gray, pale, yellow or white, acholic
56
Rifampin
Red
57
BSP dye
Red
58
Medications and suppositories
Black
59
During antibiotic therapy
Green
60
Diarrhea
Watery
61
Pea-soup: typhoid fever
Watery
62
Rice-water: cholera
Watery
63
Constipation
Hard, small, round
64
Intestinal construction or narrowing
Narrow, ribbon-like, flattened, slender
65
Steatorrhea consistency
Bulky, frothy, greasy, spongy, and may float
66
Constipation or excessive straining due to the defecation
Mucus-coated
67
Pathologic: Collitis, Chron's disease, colon tumors
Mucus-coated
68
Bacterial or amoebic dysentery
Blood-streaked mucus
69
Malignancy
Blood-streaked mucus
70
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding site
From esophagus, stomach, or duodenum (small intestine)
71
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding color
Black, tarry
72
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding site
From colon (large intestine) or rectum
73
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding color
Bright red

CHECKPOINT NOTES (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions