Federalism Flashcards
(19 cards)
Define Federalism
separation of national and state government
Define Dual “layer cake” Federalism
Strict separation of powers between the federal and state governments in which each layer has its own responsibilities and reigns supreme within its constitutional realm.
Define Cooperative “marble cake” Federalism
Flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs.
Define Competitive Federalism
Way to improve government performance by encouraging state and local governments to compete against each other for residents, businesses, investments, and federal funding.
Define Restrictive Federalism
Strong federal government that only allows the states to act when it decides to do so. Argues that the power to share belongs only to the national government.
Define Coercive Federalism
Strongest form of federalism; tight control of the states through orders— typically without accompanying financial resources.
List the Four Pillars of Ultimate Authority
-Power to tax and spend
-Power to regulate commerce
-Supremacy Clause
-War Power Act
•congress declares
•president wagers
Project Grant
for specific activities
- scientific research
- homeland security
- some educational programs
Formula Grant
given out based on population
-each recipient government receives a certain number of dollars for each person who lives in the jurisdiction
Block Grant
generalized governmental functions
- public assistance
- health services
- child care
- community development
Categorical Grant
State government required to conform to all aspects of the funding legislation
- Medicaid health care: for the poor
- highway construction
Powers of National Government
- Express (named by constitution)
- Implied (implied by express powers)
- Concurrent (shared by national government and the states)
- Inherent (belonging to only the national government)
Purposes for grants
- To supply state and local governments with revenue
- To attack national problems but minimize the growth of federal agencies
- To establish minimum nation standards for such things as highways and clean air
- To equalize resources among states by taking money from people with high incomes through federal taxes and spending it through grants where poor people live
Extradition (interstate relationships)
A formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government is handed over to another government for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence.
Full Faith and Credit Clause (Interstate relationships)
Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, which addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”
Privileges and immunities clause (interstate relationships)
Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution, which prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner
Interstate compact
an agreement between two or more states. Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution provides that “no state shall enter into an agreement or compact with another state” without the consent of Congress.
Who is Yolanda Ward?
22 year old black woman who published an article pertaining to gentrification. She was accosted by 2 white men who pointed her out by name, told her to lay on the ground and shot her. “Robbery gone wrong”
Significance of McCullock vs Maryland?
•Banks
•Provided precedent (established preemption)
-No state can use its taxing powers to tax national government
