Feed and Nutrition Intro

Question 1

What is nutrition?

Answer 1

The food materials required to produce healthy growth

Question 2

Without proper nutrition we see…

Answer 2

Increases in disease and poor reproduction

Question 3

In order, what organs does food go through in a monogastric digestive system?

Answer 3

-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Colon
-Rectum

Question 4

What is the mouth responsible for?

Answer 4

Manual and enzymatic digestion

Question 5

What is the stomach responsible for?

Answer 5

Chemical digestion with a combination of enzymes and gastric juices

Question 6

What is the small intestine responsible for?

Answer 6

Further breaking down food and water absorption

Question 7

What is the colon responsible for?

Answer 7

Further water absorption

Question 8

What is the rectum responsible for?

Answer 8

Pushing fecal waste out of the body

Question 9

Nutrient requirements of water?

Answer 9

45-60% of an animals bodyweight

Question 10

What is special about carbs?

Answer 10

-Not easily broken down by all animals
-As they age, lignin content increases and makes them less digestable

Question 11

What is special about fats?

Answer 11

Stored fats can provide a source of energy and heat

Question 12

What is special about protein?

Answer 12

Needed for growth, reproduction, lactation, and other bodily processes

Question 13

What is special about minerals?

Answer 13

Needed for tooth and tissue formation

Question 14

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 14

A,D,E,K

Question 15

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 15

C and B

Question 16

What are roughages?

Answer 16

-The fiber portion of the plant, usually the whole plant (stem, leaves, seeds)
-Low in energy
-High in fiber
-Low in protein compared to most concentrates
-Cheaper to produce and can be grown on the farm

Question 17

What are some types of roughages?

Answer 17

-Dry hay
-Preserved hay/silage
-Pasture or grazed roughage

Question 18

What is dry hay?

Answer 18

-Cut plant material that is allowed to dry to prevent mold or combustion
-Baled in a large bale(s)
-Grass grows back and is cut again
-Each cut is named for 1st, 2nd, 3rd
-Each cut gets higher in quality since it is younger

Question 19

What are some types of dry hay?

Answer 19

-Grasses
-Legumes

Question 20

What is the benefit of grasses?

Answer 20

High in fiber

Question 21

What is the benefit of legumes?

Answer 21

Higher in protein and energy

Question 22

What are some types of grasses?

Answer 22

-Timothy
-Orchard grass

Question 23

What are some types of legumes?

Answer 23

-Alphalpha
-Soybean
-Clover

Question 24

Straw is…

Answer 24

-A by-product of growing grain
-Is not grown for feed
-More fiber than nutrient

Question 25

Straw is used frequently for...

Answer 25

Bedding

Question 26

What is silage?

Answer 26

Plants are harvested and put into a silo while still moist

Question 27

Silage must be stored in...

Answer 27

Anaerobic conditions to prevent yeast growth, fungal growth, and nutrient loss from fermentation

Question 28

What are the common types of silage?

Answer 28

-Haylage -Corn silage

Question 29

What are some parts of haylage?

Answer 29

-Grass -Legumes

Question 30

What are some parts of corn silage?

Answer 30

-Corn stalks -Ears of corn

Question 31

What is special about corn silage?

Answer 31

It is a great source of energy

Question 32

What is special about concentrates?

Answer 32

-Easily digested -High in simple carbs (starch) -Low in complex carbs (fiber)

Question 33

What is the downside of concentrate?

Answer 33

More expensive

Question 34

What are some types of concentrate?

Answer 34

-Corn -Sorghum -Barley -Oats -Wheat -Rye

Question 35

What are by-products?

Answer 35

Incidental or secondary products when making something else, making it a leftover

Question 36

What is special about by-products?

Answer 36

Can be added to feeds to reduce costs and provide specific nutrients like simple carbs or protein

Question 37

What are some by-products that provide energy with simple carbs?

Answer 37

-Molasses -Beet pulp -Citrus pulp -Dried bakery product

Question 38

What are some by-products that add protein?

Answer 38

-Oilseed meal -Distilling grains -Fish meal

Question 39

What are some examples of vitamins?

Answer 39

-Thiamine (B1) -Riboflavin (B2) -Vitamin C -Biotin -Fat-soluble A, D, E, K

Question 40

What are some examples of minerals?

Answer 40

-Calcium -Phosphorus -Sodium -Chloride -Magnesium -Potassium