feedback control of blood glucose Flashcards
(16 cards)
Name the hormones involved in glucose control
- insulin
- glucagon
- adrenaline
- cortisol
- GH
Where is glucagon released from?
alpha cells of islets of langerhans in the pancreas
Where is insulin released from?
beta cells of islets of langerhans in pancreas
What do the delta cells of the islets of langerhans release?
somatostatin
what does insulin do?
converts glucose into glycogen for storage
What does glucagon do?
converts glycogen into glucose
How does insulin lower blood glucose?
- stimulate uptake of glucose into muscle cells
2. activates liver and muscle cells to store glycogen
What inhibits insulin secretion?
.decrease in blood glucose
increase in sympathetic activity
What promotes insulin secretion?
increase in blood glucose
increase in amino acids
increase in parasympathetic activity
increase in glucagon
What are the main differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
type 1- childhood onset, no insulin secretion due to defect in beta cells, treated with insulin injections
type 2-adult onset, insulin secretion not normal because insulin receptors are not sensitive, controlled by diet and exercise
How does glucagon raise blood glucose?
increases the breakdown of glucose
inhibiting liver glycogen synthesis
promotes generation of glucose from non carbohydrate substances
What is glycogenolysis?
breakdown of glucose
What is glucogenesis?
The generation of glucose from non carbohydrate substances
What is the effect of adrenaline on blood glucose?
it increase blood glucose (only used in short term emergencies)
What is the effect of cortisol on blood glucose?
it increases blood glucose (used in starvation)
What does GH do regarding blood glucose?
it decreases glucose uptake by muscle and mobilises glucose from the liver. (used in starvation)
