Feedstuffs Used in Large Animals

Question 1

NDF

Answer 1

Neutral Detergent Fiber Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin Predictor of voluntary intake- provides bulk/fill Want low NDF NDF increases as forages mature

Question 2

ADF

Answer 2

Acid Detergent Fiber Least digestiable plant parts (cellulose and lignin) inversely related to digestability low ADF conc are higher in energy

Question 3

NDF rule

Answer 3

DMI (%BW)= 120/NDF

Question 4

TDN

Answer 4

Total digestable nutrients sum of digestible crude fiber, digestible crude protein, digestible fat multiplied by factor 2.25 and digestable nitrogen free extract (NFE)

Question 5

NIRS

Answer 5

Near Infared Reflectance Spectroscopy, a way to measure nutrients in food

Question 6

What kind of grass is this?

What’s it’s proteins, ADF, NDF?

Answer 6

Bermuda Grass

Protein: 15-20%

ADF: 25-30%

NDF: ~55%

Question 7

What kind of grass is this? What insect is associated with it?

Answer 7

Bermuda Grass

Chiggers

Question 8

What happens to ADF and NDF as pature grass matures?

Answer 8

Both values will increase

Question 9

What kind of grass is this? What’s its CP, ADF, NDF?

Answer 9

Brome Grass

CP: 12-20%

ADF: 22-26%

NDF: ~50%

Question 10

What kind of grass is this? Protein and TDN?

Answer 10

Cheat Grass

Protein 3%, TDN <60

Not good stuff!

Question 11

What best predicts voluntary feed intake?

Answer 11

NDF

Question 12

Best indicator for forage digestibility?

Answer 12

ADF

Question 13

What kind of grass is this? CP and ADF?

Answer 13

Fescue

CP: 12-22%

ADF: 30-40%

Question 14

What are some problems with Fescue in cattin the winter and summer and mares?

Answer 14

Neotyphodium (acremonium) coenophilum (endophyte fungus)

Produces ergot type alkaloids (ergovaline)

Fescue food (gangrene) in cattle, winter

Summer syndrome in cattle, increase in body temp, rapid breathing->decrease production

Mares: prolonged gestation, weak foals, abortion, agalatica

Question 15

What kind of grass is this? CP and ADF?

Answer 15

Timothy

CP 20%-12%

ADF: 35%

Question 16

ID

Answer 16

Big Bluestem

Prarie Hay/Native Grass

Question 17

ID

Answer 17

Little Bluestem

Question 18

ID

Answer 18

Indian Grass

Question 19

ID

Answer 19

Switchgrass

Question 20

Alfalfa is an excellent source of _____ and ______

Answer 20

protein and calcium

Question 21

ID. Protein, ADF, NDF?

Answer 21

Alfalfa

Protein: 19-15% (early to late bloom)

ADF: 30.5-42.5% (early to late bloom)

NDF: 40-49% (early to late bloom)

Question 22

What are some problems with alfalfa?

Answer 22

Bloat in cattle if grazed

Blister Beetle toxicity in horses

Question 23

What is this and what are problems associated with it?

Answer 23

Sweet Clover

Contains coumarin which gets converted to dicumoral by molds. Dicumoral inhibits Vitamin K resulting in bleeding disorders.

Question 24

What is this and what are some problems associated with it?

Answer 24

Alsike clover

Photosensitization

Question 25

What is this and what are the problems associated with it?

Answer 25

Japanese Yew Inhibits depolarization in the heart, acute onset and sudden death

Question 26

What is this? What are some advantages/disadvantages in using it?

Answer 26

Green chop: corn, grass Ad: maximizes nutrient yield, less nutrient loss, less fencing, may reduce bloat Dis: No uniform quality, weather, high moisture content, can't be fed year round

Question 27

What is hay baled at?

Answer 27

15-18-20% moisture

Question 28

Corn Silage

Answer 28

High in energy, low in protein Most palatable, popular, high grain content desirable

Question 29

What can happen if the pH rises in silage?

Answer 29

Listeriosis/Botulism

Question 30

What is the target range of moisture for good silage?

Answer 30

50-70%

Question 31

What does TMR stand for?

Answer 31

Total Mixed Rations

Question 32

What is this? What are dangers associated with it?

Answer 32

Cotton seed. Dangers: contains Gossypl,toxic to heart, lungs and reproductive organs Swine\>Poultry\>Ruminants Young\>old

Question 33

What is this? What are problems with it?

Answer 33

Wheat Highly fermentable, must limit feed or acidosis may result

Question 34

What is this? What are some things about it?

Answer 34

Barley It's a hard kernal so it's got to be made into a grind, roll or flake More drought resistant than wheat Can't feed green, store for a month first

Question 35

What be this? What are some things about it?

Answer 35

Suited to cool wet weather More fiber, less DE than common grains -\> less colic Fed whole/rolled -\> horses Safe to feed but not as nutritious as other feeds

Question 36

What is this? CP, CF, rich in what Vitamins, DE

Answer 36

Brewer's Grains CP: 25% CF: 15% Rich in B vitamins DE: 3.5 MCal/kg (good)

Question 37

WHat is this? What are some things about it?

Answer 37

Milo/Sorghum More drought resistant than corn Composition similar to corn Fed ground, crimped or rolled