Feline

Question 1

What type of reproductive cycle does the feline have?

Answer 1

Seasonal breeder - require long daylight hours for cycling to occur 
Seasonal polyestrus (feb to nov) 
Induced ovulatory

Question 2

Age of puberty in the cat?

Answer 2

4-12 months
Early season kittens may not reach puberty before the seasonal anestrus —>Will reach puberty following season when they are 1yr old

Late season kittens mature through the seasonal anestrus —> increasing day length will trigger cyclicity, and they may be as young as 4 months

Question 3

What are the stages of feline estrous?

Answer 3

Proestrus 
Estrus — acceptance of mating 
Post-estrus (interestrus) — when no ovulation has occurred, period in queen not mated 
Diestrus — when ovulation has occurred 
Anestrus

Question 4

What time of the year is anestrus in the queen?

Answer 4

October/ november through January

Question 5

Signs of proestrus in the queen?

Answer 5

Increased activity, vocalization
Increased affection towards people, rubbing up against things

Rising estrogen levels

Question 6

Signs of estrus in the queen?

Answer 6

Vocalization
Rolling behaviour
Assuming breeding position
Treating with hind legs

Question 7

How long is estrus in the queen?

Answer 7

3-16days

Question 8

What is post-estrus?

Answer 8

Period between successive estrus periods if no ovulation occurs

interestrus period 8-10days, no sexual receptivity during this time

Question 9

T/F: diestrus in the queen only occurs once ovulation has been induced by breeding

Answer 9

True

Question 10

How long id diestrus if the queen is pregnant ?

Answer 10

65 days

Question 11

How long is diestrus is there is a pseudopregancy?

Answer 11

40-45days

Question 12

How can you induce ovulation in the queen without copulation?

Answer 12

GnRH or hCG

Question 13

T/F: the queen requires multiple breedings for complete ovulation to occur

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What infectous dz should you screen for in a pre-breeding exam?

Answer 14

Feline leukemia
FIV
FIP

Question 15

At how many days of pregnancy is relaxin detectable?

Answer 15

25days

Question 16

At how many days can you diagnosed pregnancy be abdominal palpation?

Answer 16

16-30days

“String of pearls”

Question 17

Earliest day of pregnancy that you can do rads in the queen?

Answer 17

43days

In canine is 45 days

Question 18

When is a heartbeat detectable by US in the queen?

Answer 18

20-25days

Question 19

Teratogens in the queen?

Answer 19

Glucocorticoids
Griseofluivin
Panleukopenia virus

Question 20

Non-infectous causes of pregnancy loss in the queen?

Answer 20

Ovulation failure 
Early embryonic death 
Taurine deficiency 
Fetal chromosomal aberration 
Stress on queen

Question 21

Infectious causes of pregnancy loss in the queen?

Answer 21

Feline herpes virus 
FIV
FeLV 
FIP 
Feline panleukopenia virus 
Bacterial 
Protozoa — toxoplasma gondii

Question 22

What does feline herpes virus cause?

Answer 22

Abortion
Maceration
Placental necrosis
Congenital fetal infection

Clinical signs in queen —> may see nasal discharge, may not see any

Question 23

What does FIV cause in the acutely infected queen?

Answer 23

Arrested development of fetus
Abortion
Still birth
Viable, infected kittens (71% are born with virus)

Question 24

FLV causes what in in-utero transmission?

Answer 24

Fetal/neonatal death in 80% of kittens

Resorption or abortion

Question 25

What does Feline Infectous Peritonitis cause in the pregnant queen?

Answer 25

Abortion - stillbirths Fading kittens

Question 26

What does feline panleukopenia cause in the pregnant queen?

Answer 26

Cerebellar hypoplasia Abortion Still birth Neonatal death

Question 27

T/F: as with canines, felines will have a pre-partum drop in temperature

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Most common cause of dystocia in the queen?

Answer 28

Primary uterine inertia — oxytocin, surgery

Question 29

How soon after parturition can the queen return into estrus and conceive another litter?

Answer 29

7-8days

Question 30

How would you manage a uterine prolapse in the queen?

Answer 30

Manual reduction and OHE

Question 31

How would you manage metritis in the queen?

Answer 31

Increased incidence with dystocia and RP Antibiotics Ecbolics OHE

Question 32

Mammary hypertrophy is usually seen under the influence of what hormone?

Answer 32

P4 | Usually regresses after luteolysis

Question 33

T/F: mammary carcinomas in cats are usually malignant ?

Answer 33

True Requires radical resection

Question 34

What is the single most important prognostic indicator ?

Answer 34

Less than 2 cm in size

Question 35

What test can confirm ovarian remnant syndrome?

Answer 35

Anti-mullerian hormone Normal signs of estrus after OHE E2 levels/cytology

Question 36

Treatment for Ovarian remnant syndrome ?

Answer 36

HCG or GnRH to lutenize and confirm Surgical exploratory to remove

Question 37

Most common type of ovarian neoplasia in cats?

Answer 37

Granulosa cell tumor —> prolonged estrus

Question 38

TX of pyometra in cat?

Answer 38

OHE + antibiotics PGF2a in breeding females Usually Ecoli Causes vulvar discharge, anorexia, and abdominal distention

Question 39

What can spines on the penis of a tom cat indicate?

Answer 39

Intact Cryptorchid Androgen producing tumor Testosterone injected

Question 40

What can a non-bared penis of a cat indicate?

Answer 40

``` Castrated Prepubertal Intersex Estrogen injected Estrogen producing tumor Cryptorchid ```

Question 41

What glands does the tom cat have?

Answer 41

Prostate | Bulbourethral glands

Question 42

In a normal sperm sample, what should be the total number of sperm, the total volume, motility and morphology be?

Answer 42

21-117 x 10^6 cells 0.03-0.09 mls Motility 40-80% Morphologically 50-70% normal

Question 43

What sperm collection methods involves inserting a urinary catheter about 9cm into the urethra?

Answer 43

Medetomidine urethral collection | Can use with or without ketamine