Feline Asthma Diagnostic and Treatment Update - Julie E. Trzil Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the 3 major hallmarks of asthma?
airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness, airflow limitation (reversible).
In what diseases process would GC be contraindicated in cats?
DM, CHF, CKD
How is it thought that chronic bronchitis occurs?
Secondary to previous airway insult such as respiratory infection or inhaled irritant.
How is feline asthma characterised in BALF?
eosinophilic inflammation ≤17% of eosinophils identified in BALF
What is the most common pulmonary parasite?
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
what are the most common radiological patterns during pulmonary parasitic diseases?
bronchial to bronchointerstitial
How to diagnosis it?
of larvae on BALF cytology or fecal Baermann examination.
Pathophysiology of heartworm-associated respiratory disease
Death of immature L5 larvae in the pulmonary arteries triggers
eosinophilic inflammation in the airways and pulmonary parenchyma.
T or F: Heartworm antigen tests and
echocardiography to identify adult heartworms are not useful in ruling out HARD.
T: Inflammation is primarily mediated by larval stage.
What are the common findings on thoracic radiographs in asthmatic cats? And what is seen in a minority of cats
- bronchial and bronchointestial pattern
- collapse of lung lobe, most commonly the right middle one due to mucous trapping and atelectasis
Does lack of radiographic abnormality rule out asthma?
No, 23% of radiographs are normal in asthmatic cats
What tool can be used to prevent anesthesia in cats needed a CT?
plexiglas
What dx test should be performed in cats suspected to have asthma and with airway eosinophilia, in endemic regions for HARDS?
heartwork antigen/antibody test and decal flotation and Baermann examination for T. cati and A. abstrusus
What pro-inflammatory mediator has been identified in experimentally induce asthma?
endothelia-1, not studied in naturally occurring asthma
Why inhaled albuterol should not be used in the daily management of asthmatic cats?
Because part of it, the S-enantiomer accumulates in the lung because of slower metabolism/
clearance, enhancing bronchoconstrictive and proinflammatory effects.
When should it be used?
Acute bronchoconstriction
MOA omega-3
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (u3 PUFAs) act as anti-inflammatory agents
through reduction in the availability of arachidonic acid in cell membranes for production
of inflammatory eicosanoids.81
T or F: Lidocaine decreased airway
hyperresponsiveness without decreasing airway eosinophilia.
T
Is it recommended to use n-acetylcysteine as a nebulisation agent in asthmatic cats? Why?
N-acetylcysteine is a mucolytic with antioxidant properties that could have a benefit
in asthma; however, nebulized delivery in humans is known to induce bronchospasm.
Similarly, in experimentally asthmatic cats, nebulization of N-acetylcysteine increased
baseline airway resistance by an average of approximately 150% and should not be
administered by this route.
