Feline Diseases Flashcards
(32 cards)
FeLV is a common disease in feline populations
How is FeLV transmitted
Saliva exchange &/or Bites
What is the recommendations for FeLV positive cats
These cats are persistently infected and should be kept in a single indoor cat household or euthanized
Outline the presentation of FeLV cats
- Outdoor access cats
- ADR +/- masses
- Male > Female
There are many diagnostic methods for FeLV, outline how to screen for and confirm the presence of FeLV in a cat.
- Screening: Serum ELISA
- Confirmation Test: Indirect fluorescent antibody assay
A Intact male indoor/outdoor cat comes into your clinic who is ADR. You perform serum ELISA for FeLV, this returns positive and results are then confirmed with IFA.
Outline a treatment plan for this cat and state the prognosis.
Treatment relies on supportive care (Antibiotics, nutrition, fluids) and Keeping the cat in a low stress environment.
Prognosis is fair to poor depending on the extent of masses and response to treatment.
A client comes into you’re clinic with a new kitten. The owners previous cat died of FeLV and they want to know how to prevent this from occurring again. Explain to them how to prevent FeLV.
- Keep the cat indoors
- Vaccinate (sensitizer at 8,12,16weeks + 1year booster, boost every 3 years or more if high risk of contracting)
Describe how FIV cats present clinically
FIV is common in many cats
- Mature cats with outdoor access
- Kitten with resp disease
- Bite wound histroy
- Gingivitis / stomatitis
A cat comes into an animal shelter who tests positive for FIV, explain the likelihood of this being a false positive
- False positives occur in animals that have been vaccinated for FIV
- May be able to confirm the positive with anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia on CBC
A 10 year old cat comes into your clinic with a BCS of 3/9. The owner reports they have a good appetite.
State your presumptive diagnosis and the best way to diagnose this disease
The cat most likely has Hyperthyroidism based on the history alone.
This can be confirmed with TT4 test (Elevated results)
You are treating a cat with hyperthyroidism, as treatment progresses you redo bloods and see that the kidney values show azotemia. Why is this occurring?
Hyperthyroidism masks the signs of CKD due to the increased glomular filtration rate due to the increased blood pressure present with hyperthyroidism.
As you treat the hyperthyroidism, the blood pressure normalizes resulting in a lower glomular filtration rate if CKD is present unmasking the disease.
Prognosis is better in Hyperthyroid treated cats - so it is still better to treat the hyperthyroidism.
List the 4 ways to treat hyperthyroidism
Drugs (Methimazole)
Diet
Radiotherapy (Gold Standard)
Surgery
What is the prognosis of Hyperthyroidism in Cats.
Prognosis is fair to excellent with treatment.
Hyperthyroidism is a welfare disease NOT a pain disease
A cat with a BCS of 8/9 presents with weightloss. What disease should be high on your DDx list.
Hepatic Lipidosis
You suspect a cat has Hepatic Lipidosis and run a biochemistry. What changes would support your presumptive diagnosis.
- Increased ALP
- Increased Bilirubin
- Normal GGT
A patient presents with confirmed hepatic lipidosis, outline your treatment plan
- Nutritional support: High Quality, High protein diet via oesophagoostomy
- If encephalopathy is present do not give high protein instead perform a lactulose retention enema.
A college is treating hepatic lipidosis and has placed the cat on glucocorticoids. The owner is asking for a repeat script. What would you do?
- Glucocorticoids are contraindicated in this case, they should never be used to treat hepatic lipidosis
State the prognosis of hepatic lipidosis
Fair To Excellent
List the clinical exam findings of a cat with CKD
- Senior cat
- PU/PD
- Lethargy / Anorexia
- Small irregular Kidneys
- Weightless, vomiting
- Azotemia, dilute urine
State the dietary goals of CKD treatment
- Meet energy & nutrient requirements
- Reduce phosphorus intake
- Minimize fluid, electrolyte, vitamin, mineral, acid base disturbances
- Minimize non-protein nitrogenous waste
- Enrich the diet with n-3 PUFAs
- Consider dietary antioxidants
List the treatment components of CKD treatment (8)
- Appetite stimulants
- Anti-emetics
- H2 - Blockers
- Fluids
- K+ Supplements
- Anti Hypertensive Medication
- Phosphorus Binders
- Renal Diets
List the secondary consequences of CKD
- Anemia
- Vomiting
- Hypokalemia
Describe the 3 - 2 - 1 rule for diagnosis a mass as a injection site sarcoma.
- Persists for more than 3 months after vaccination
- Greater than 2cm in diameter
- Increases in size more than 1 month post injection
Why are injection site sarcomas difficult to diganose
- They appear at the site of or near the site of vaccination
- Can arise up to 10 years post vaccination
Outline treatment plan for Injection site sarcomas
REFFERAL SURGERY: (5cm margins, 2 planes deep)
Adjuvant radiation or chemo therapy
