Feline Neurology Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are some components of the feline neuro exam?
Mentation
Behavior
Posture
Gait
Cranial Nerves
Postural Reactions
Sensation
Evaluate gate, hopping, wheel barrow, paw placement
1/3 cat don’t have cutaneous trunci so need to pluck single hair not pinch to test this
What percent of cats wont have a menace?
1/3
Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome
Age:
Diagnostic Test Results:
Clinical Signs:
Treatment:
Age: 1 yr
Diagnostic Test Results: All normal
Clinical Signs: Tail flicking, head shaking, hallucination, self-mutilate
Treatment: Gabipentin (2/3 patients), clomipramine, amitripramine, Amitriptyline, Phenobarbital, Pred, Meloxicam
Feline Idiopathic Epilepsy
Age:
When:
Signs:
Seizure Characteristics:
Treatment:
Prognosis:
Age: <7yr
When: During resting conditions
Signs: Rapid running, erratic, chase and circle
Seizure Characteristics: Not status epilepticus, normal interictal
Treatment: Phenobarbital or Levetiracetam (Keppra)
*Watch for pseudolympoma - stop phenobarbital and it stops
Prognosis: Poor if patient is older, 70% respond to AED, 20% euth and 40% complete remission of seizure
Audiogenic Reflex Seizure
Definition:
Signs:
Breed Predisposition:
Age:
Trigger:
Treatment:
Definition: seizure that objectively and consistantly precipitated by enviromental or internal stimuli
Signs: Myoclonic jerk, progress to generalized, noise trigger
Breed Predisposition: Birmans
Age: 10-19yr
Trigger: High pitched noise (glass or foil)
Treatment: Less noise (decrease 75%), Keppra, phenobarbital
Hippocampal Necrosis
Signs:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Signs: Focal Facial Seizure, Hypersalivation and Aggressiveness
Diagnosis: MRI/Autoantibody titer - see necrosis, inflammatory cells, immune mediated response
Treatment: Phenobarbital, Levetiracetam, Combo, Prednisolone (Refractory to meds)
Worst type of seizure
What are some common CNS infections in cats?
FIP, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcus, FeLV, FIV, Panleukopenia
Feline Infectious Peritonitis: What virus must the cat get to have the mutation that causes FIP?
Feline Corona Virus
Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Where does this virus like to replicate?
Macrophages resulting in immune mediated vasculitis
Feline Infectious Peritonitis: It is the most common CNS disease of brain and spinal cord. True/False
Ture
Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Who is commonly effected?
Pedigree up to 4 years, breeding colony, rescue center
Feline Infectious Peritonitis: What are some clinical signs?
Anterior chamber hemorrhage and vascular cuffing (Disease of brain - see in eye since it is an extension of the brain.)
Feline Infectious Peritonitis: How do you diagnose it?
MRI - fluid in 3rd ventricle that is swollen/CSF tap
Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Is there a treatment?
Yes, it is fatal without it
Antiviral adenosine nucleoside analogue GS
Toxoplasmosis:
Who is the natural host?
The cat
Toxoplasmosis:
What stage causes pathology?
Bradyzoites make cysts in the brain, spinal cord or skeletal muscles
Toxoplasmosis:
What are some clinical signs?
Neurologic and ocular (anterior uveitis)
Toxoplasmosis:
How do you diagnose it?
Serology +/- PCR
Toxoplasmosis:
What is the treatment?
Clindamycin or Trimethoprim Sulphonamide with a folic acid supplement
Toxoplasmosis:
Prognosis?
Good if treated early
Cryptococcus:
What type of pathogen is it?
Fungus (saprophytic yeast (soil and pigeon feces)
Cryptococcus:
Route of transmission?
Inhalation
Cryptococcus:
Clinical signs?
Lethargy, behavioral changes, gait abnormalities, vestibular sign, seizure (Roman Nose), retinal detachment
Cryptococcus:
How do you diagnose it?
Serology, CSF, Fungal culture
