Feline Opthamology Flashcards Preview

Ophthalmology > Feline Opthamology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Feline Opthamology Deck (23)
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1
Q

• Coloboma

A

– Absence of palpebral margin
– Concurrent intraocular anomalies – Congenital, genetic
– Surgical correction • Rotational flap
• Cryotherapy

2
Q

Eyelids: Blepharitis

Ophthalmia neonatorum

A

– FHV-I ?
– Bulging eyelids prior to opening • Mucopurulent discharge
– Open eyelids
• Irrigate conjunctiva • Topical antiobiotic • Topical lubrication

3
Q

Eyelids: Blepharitis - parasites

A

• Parasites
– Demodex, Ntoedres cati – Skin scrapings
– Consult dermatologist • Ivermectin (off label)
• Lime sulfur dips

4
Q

Conjunctivitis - causes

A

Feline herpes virus type 1**** most common
Chlamydophila
Mycoplasma

5
Q

Conjunctivitis - diagnosis/treatment

A
• Diagnosis: culture, cytology, PCR
• Treatment
– Topical tetracycline
     • Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma
– Systemic tetracycline 
     • Chlamydophila
6
Q

Cornea: FHV - 1

A

Dendritic ulcers/geographic ulcers
Latency
Diagnosis: Cytology/initial exam; IFA; PCR

7
Q

Cornea: FHV-I - treatment

A
1. Topical Antibiotics
– Tetracycline, chloramphenicol, tobramycin
2. Antivirals
– Topical: trifluridine 
– Oral: famciclovir
3. Lysine
4. Interferon?
5. Corneal lubrication
8
Q

Describe stromal keratitis caused by FHV-1

A

• Stromal keratitis
– FHV deep within stroma
– Clinical signs more severe
– Longer treatment

9
Q

Corneal sequestrum

A

If it’s domestics it is likely due to FHV whereas if it is purebred it is likely genetic.
(18-55% FHV-I + by PCR)
– Sequel of prolonged corneal irritation
Can treat medically or surgically (avoid rupture, repeat & infection)

10
Q

Eosinophilic Keratitis

A

It is eosinophilic infiltrates that will pass across the cornea and lead to blindness if left unchecked.
This can be caused by FHV-1.
Cytology - will see WBC (eosinophils) which is not normal. You should not see WBC on this.
Therapy:
– Treat like FHV-I
– Put on Topical corticosteroids (Put this on after 2 weeks, 1 or 2 times a day unless they are going blind - will regress)

11
Q

Bullous keratopathy

A

Quite rare, cornea bulges forward (vesicle of edema) due to severe corneal edema.
The cause is unknown & it is Fluorescein negative.
Treatment: graft or put a third eyelid flap on. You can use hypertonic saline, but usually this doesn’t work.

12
Q

Uveitis - Causes

A

Infectious (FeLV, FIP, FIV)
Neoplastic (lymphoma)
Lens induced (less prevalent in the cat than the dog)

13
Q

Uveitis - clinical signs

A
Pain
Aqueous flare
Iritis
Retinal lesions
Diagnosis - refer to causes
14
Q

Uveitis - treatment

A

• Treatment
– Corticosteroids • Topical
• Systemic
• Subconjunctiva

15
Q

Glaucoma

A
• Secondary to uveitis
• High intraocular pressures
• Therapy
– Mannitol
– Beta blockers – CAI
– Corticosteroids – Enucleation
16
Q

Normal cat fundus

A

Optic disk is very small, blood vessels come to the edge of the disk and disaapear (non-vascular ring). There is a tapetum & non-tapetum for most of them

17
Q

Nutritional Retinal Degeneration

A
 Taurine deficiency
 Granular tapetum
 Hyper reflective lesion
 Loss of retinal vasculature
 Supplementation - needed especially for Home made diets
18
Q

Retinal dysplasia/degeneration

A
Rod-cone dysplasia/degeneration 
Common in Abyssinian
causes blindness
 4 weeks: dysplasia
      Similar to dogs
 2 yrs: degeneration
      Similar to PRA
19
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

Older cats (cat has peeing, losing weight, sleeping - hypertensive)
Due to systemic hypertension
Causes retinal detachment, hemorrhages
Can diagnose based on physical exam, BP
Amlopidine - consult internal medicine.
Usually bilateral. may see retinal edema at first. Usually above 200 mmHg when bilateral.

20
Q

Baytril toxicity

A

Anything over >5mg/kg/day (7 for 4 days - blind for life)
Causes acute blindness and retinal atrophy
This is off label use. You can use it at 2.5 mg/kg/day but must be at the label dose

21
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma in cats

A

Squamous cell carcinoma - very invasive, need to get it very early and take very wide margins. Around the eye you don’t have a lot of tissue to work with. Need radiation/cryotherapy as well. (erosive plaques or nodules)

22
Q

Diffuse iris melanoma

How to see, how to treat

A

Pigment spots in both eyes - watch over time & take pictures
Do a FNA/biopsy of iris
Diode laser/enucleation.
If it’s in the iris - then you are ok, but if left to long, then not as good.

23
Q

Traumatic intraocular sarcoma

A
Malignant intraocular mass
Takes years to arise (cat claw in eye)
It is associated with the lens capsule rupture
Treatment is enucleation.
Usually has weeks to months to live.