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Fellowship Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the second line TB drugs?

A

Fluroquinolones and injectibles

Fluoroquinolones - Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin

Injectibles - Kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, streptomycin

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2
Q

Oxidase and catalse rxns for Acinetobacter

A

Oxidase negative, catalase positive

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3
Q

What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for erlichiosis?

A

Erlichia chaffeensis, Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick), dogs and white tailed deer

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4
Q

Anaplasma reservoir?

A

Dogs, cats, sheep, cattle, goats

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5
Q

Erlichia vector?

A

lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)

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6
Q

What are the first line TB drugs?

A

“RIPE” - Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol

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7
Q

Oxidase and catalse rxns for Psedudomonas aeruginosa

A

Oxidase positive, catalase positive

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8
Q

Oxidase and catalase rxns for Stenotrophomonas

A

Oxidase negative, catalase positive

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9
Q

Francisella rule out and refer procedures?

(Gram stain and plate growth, biochemicals)

A

GNCB, grows poorly on SB (needs cystine-BCYE), tiny colonies on CHOC (48hrs), NG on MAC

Oxidase (NEG), Catalase (Weak POS), Urease (NEG)

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10
Q

What are the differences between epidemic typhus and endemic typhus?

A

Epidemic typhus - Rikettsia prowazekii, tranmistted by lice (pediculus humanus), rash goes from trunk to extremities

Endemic typhus - Rikettsia typhi, tranmitted by rat flea, less severe rash?

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11
Q

Filarial nematodes with sheaths?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

Loa loa

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12
Q

Which fungi have resitance or elevated MICs to echinocandins?

A

Candida parapsilosis (high MICs)

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13
Q

Brucella rule out and refer procedures?

(Gram satin and plate growth, biochemicals)

A

Fastidious GNCB, grows slowly on SB, CHOC, MAC (48-72hrs), nonhemolytic

Oxidase (POS), Urease (POS), Motility (NEG)

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14
Q

Causative agent of elephantiasis?

A

Brugia malayi

Wuchereria bancrofti

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15
Q

Best drugs for treatmtn of M. chelonae?

A

Amikacin, clarithromycin, liezolid

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16
Q

What organism causes esosinphilia and seizures?

A

Tenia soluim (neurocysticercosis)

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17
Q

What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for Verruga Peruana?

A

bartonella bacilliformis, sand fly, likely rodents

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18
Q

Erlichia reservoir?

A

White tailed deer

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19
Q

Orangisms with intrinsic vancomycin resistance?

A

Pediococcus

Wiesella

Erysipelothrix

Enteroccous casselflavus and gallinarum

Lactobacillus

Leuconstoc

(C. innocuum)

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20
Q

Best drugs for treatment of M. abscessus?

A

Amikacin, clarithromycin

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21
Q

Name all the herpes virues and dieseses they cause

A

CMV - Congenital infection, pnemonitis, espohagitis, colitis, retitnitis in immunosuppresed patients, mono-like syndrome in healthy adults

EBV - Mono, EBV-associated lymphoma

HSV1 - vesicular lesions (cold sores)

HSV2 - vesicular lesions (genital sores)

VZV - varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles)

HHV6 - Roseola

HHV7 - Roseola

HHV8 - Kaposi’s sarcoma

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22
Q

Diseases that are immediately reportable (in MD)?

A

Anthrax

Arboviral infections (CHIKV, Dengue, WEE, EEE, WNV, Zika)

Brucella

Cholera

Diptheria

E. coli O157H7

Glanders (B. mallei)

Acute Hep A

Legionella

Measels

Meliodosis (B. pseudomallei)

Plague

Q fever

Rabies

SARS

STEC

Smallpox

TB

Tuleremia

Typhoid fever (S. typhi)

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23
Q

Gram negatives that are Oxidase negative (rather than positive)

A

Enterobacteriaceae (EXCEPT Plesiomonas)

Acintobacter

Stenotrophomonas

Bartonella

Francisella

Burkholderia gladiolii

Bordetella parapertussis

Bordetella holmseii

Pseudomonas luteola

Pseusdomonas oryzihabitans

Aggrigatibacter

Capnocytophaga (human)

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24
Q

What virus is associated with anemia?

A

Parvovirus B19, also causes “slapped cheek” rash

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25
What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for epidemic relapsing fever?
Borrelia resurrentis, lice, humans
26
Pasmodium species and their defining characteristics
P. falciparum - 36hr fever, ring forms only, multipy infected, applique, banana gametocytes, and RBC infected P. ovale - 48 hr fever, young (big) RBCs infected, Schuffner's dots, all stages, 8-12 schizonts, fimbriated edges, liver stage hypnozoties P. vivax - 48 hr fever, young (big) RBCs infected, Schuffner's dots, all stages, 12-24 schizonts, liver stage hypnozoties P. malairae - 72 hr fever, old (small ) RBCs infected, band forms, daisy head 6-12 schizonts P. knowelsei - 24 hr fever, looks life falcip early (rings, multiply infected), looks like malariae late (band forms)
27
What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for trench fever?
Bartonella quintana, fleas (lice per CDC), humans
28
Operculated Eggs (species)
Opisthorchis Clonorchis Diphyllobothirium latum Paragonimus Fasciola Fasciolopsis
29
what organism causes white piedra?
Trichosporon species
30
What is the difference in rashes seen for RMSF and epidemic typhus?
RMSF = Rikettsia rikettsiae, rash from extremities to trunk, covers soles, palms, and face Epidemic typhus = Rikettsia prowazeckii, rash from trunk to extermities, spares plams, soles, and face
31
Oxidase and catalase rxns for Alcalcigenes faecalis
Oxidase positive, catalase postive
32
Non-molecular methods to identify C. trachomatis
Direct DFA Culture on McCoy cells, followed by DFA
33
What organisms causes tinea versicolor?
Malassezia species (furfur)
34
Clonorchis (shouldered operculum and abopercular knob on bottom end)
35
36
Paragonimus westermani
37
Gram negatives that are Catalse negative (rather than positive)
Bartonella Capnocytophaga Streptobacillus H-CEKs
38
Filarial nematodes with no sheath and nuclei in the tails? How to tell them apart?
Masonella M. perstans (blunt tail) M. streptocerca (crooked/curved tail)
39
Trichinella spirallis
40
Pasturella mutocida | (gram stain, agar growth, biochemicals)
GNCB, mucoid cols on SB and CHOC, NG on MAC, associated with dog and cat bites Glucose fermenter, NLF "COIN" - Catalse +, Oxidase +, Indole +, Nitrate +
41
What organism causes black piedra?
Piedraia hortae (causes fungla infection of the hair and scalp)
42
What is the principle of molecular detection of GC/CT?
Target caprute of RNA (CT) or DNA (gonn) with a specific DNA probe Then TMA to convert RNA to DNA template, RNA pol then makes many more copies of RNA Newly sythesized RNA then re-enters the TMA process and gets amplified again Gnerates MANY copies, is more senstive, is isothermic
43
Anaplasma vector?
Ixodes ticks
44
Fasciola/Faciolopsis
45
What diseases are caused by Archanobacterium hemolyticum?
Pharyngitis, and soft tissue infections
46
How can you distingusih Staphyloccus saprophyticus from S. epidermidis?
S. saorphyticus is Novibiocin resistant
47
Which fungi have primary resistance or evelvated MICs to azoles?
Candida krusei Candida glabrata (high MICs)
48
Aspergillus species | (colony morph and LCB morphology)
A. fumigatus - blue green col, uniserate philades on upper 2/3 of vesicle (good hair day) A. niger - black col, large vesicle, biserate phialades all around vesicle A. flavus - yellow/green col, rough/spiny conidiophore, uni and biserate phialdes cover entire vesicle (bad hair day) A. terreus - cinnamon brown col, biserate and compact phialades on upper 1/2 of vesicle
49
Burkholderia mallei rule out and refer procedures (Gram stain and plate growth, biochemicals)
GNR slightly curved maybe CB irragularly arranged, grey cols at 24-48 hrs on SB, NG or small clear/light pink cols on MAC Oxidase (NEG or Variable), TSI (No RXN), Motiliy (NEG)
50
Erlichia/Anaplasma
51
Organisms of the normal GU flora
Lactobacillus Yeast Anaerobes Alpha strep CoNS Diptheroids Neisseria (not gonoccous)
52
Three Hemophilus species and their characteristics?
H. influnezae - GNCB, requires factors X (hemin) and V (NAD) to grow, gowth on CHOC only, Catalase +, Oxidase +, mouse-like odor H. parainfluenzae - GNCB, requires only factor V (NAD) to grow, Catalse +, Oxidase + H. hemolyticus - GNCB, requires factors X and V to grow, beta-hemolytic
53
Features of Gemella
Gram positive cocci in pairs and chains, PYR pos, bile esculin negative, NaCl neg
54
Diseases that are notifiable within one day (in MD)?
Babesia Campy Chlamydia/Gonnococcus Cocci CJD Cryptosporidium/Cyclospora Ananplasma/Erlichia Giardia HUS Hep viriuses (not acute HepA) Leprosy Lyme Malaria Mumps RMSF Salmonella (non-typhoidal) Shigella Non-cholera Vibrio Yersinia
55
Which fungi have primary resistance of increased MICs to Amphotericin B?
C. lusitaniae A. terreus Scedosporium prolificans Some Fusarium and Scedosporium apiospermum and C. auris
56
Burkholderia pseudomallei rule out and refer procedures (Gram stain and plate growth, biochemicals)
Thin GNR possibly bipolar, growth on SB and MAC in 24-48 hrs, cols smooth then become wrinkled Oxidase (POS), TSI (No RXN, or slight oxidation (yellow slant)), Motility (POS)
57
Which fungi do echinocandins have activity against?
Candida and Aspergillus (though Vori is drug of drug of choice for Asp)
58
diphyllobothrium latum
59
Opisthorchis
60
What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for lyme disease?
Borrleia burgdorferi, Ixodes scapularis tick, rodents and deer
61
Best drugs for treatment of M. fortuitum?
Amikacin, Imipenem, Linezolid
62
Corynebacterium jeikeium features
GPR, very small rod, aerobic growth Catalase +, increased AR

Fellowship Exam (2 decks)

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