Female

Question 1

list the four subdivisions of the broad ligament:

Answer 1

• mesometrium: to lateral uterus
• mesosalpinx: to inferior side of uterine tubes
• mesovarium: to anterior surface of ovary
• suspensory ligament: lateral pelvis wall to lateral end of ovary

Question 2

the broad ligament goes from the lateral pelvis wall to what three regions of the female reproductive system:

Answer 2

uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries

Question 3

true or false: the ovarian and round ligament are derived from the gubernaculum and found within the mesovarium of the broad ligament

Answer 3

false: found within the mesometrium (lateral wall of pelvis to lateral uterus)

Question 4

true or false: the round ligament is a continuation of the ovarian ligament

Answer 4

true

Question 5

true or false: the round ligament goes from the medial pole of ovaries to upper uterus

Answer 5

false: this is the ovarian ligament

Question 6

true or false: the round ligament goes from lateral sides of upper uterus through the deep inguinal ring and to the labium majora

Answer 6

true

Question 7

true or false: the ligaments of the broad ligament are flattened fibrous bands of connective tissue

Answer 7

false: smooth muscle

Question 8

ligament that goes from the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall via obturator fascia:

a) pubocervical ligament
b) suspensory ligament
c) uterosacral ligament
d) cardinal ligament

Answer 8

d

Question 9

ligament that goes from the sides of the cervix to the pubic symphysis:

a) pubocervical ligament
b) suspensory ligament
c) uterosacral ligament
d) cardinal ligament

Answer 9

a

Question 10

ligament that goes from the uterus to anterior sacrum and is part of the rectouterine folds:

a) pubocervical ligament
b) suspensory ligament
c) uterosacral ligament
d) cardinal ligament

Answer 10

c

Question 11

the ovaries are ____ to the uterine tubes in the ovarian fossa:

a) anterosuperior
b) posteroinferior
c) anteroinferior
d) posterosuperior

Answer 11

b

Question 12

true or false: the ovarian fossa is bound posteriorly by the ureters and to the internal iliac vessels

Answer 12

true

Question 13

the suspensory ligament is ______ to the ovaries:

a) lateral
b) posterior
c) superior
d) posterolateral
e) superolateral

Answer 13

d

Question 14

true or false: the ovaries have four surfaces: mesovarian (anterior), free border (posterior), uterine extremity (medial), tubule extremity (lateral)

Answer 14

true

Question 15

true or false: the tubule extremity of the ovaries contains the suspensory ligament and a singular fimbrae attaching the ovaries to the uterine tube

Answer 15

true

Question 16

the infundibulum is part of the ____ _____and curves around the ______. it contains mucosal folds called _____.

Answer 16

uterine tubes, ovaries, fimbrae

Question 17

list the four parts of the uterine tubes in order of proximal to distal

Answer 17

intramural, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum with fimbrae

Question 18

true or false: ovaries consist of inner vascular medulla and an outer cortex with follicles

Answer 18

true

Question 19

true or false: each follicle in the ovaries contains an ovum with surrounding supporting endocrine cells in the medulla

Answer 19

false: in the cortex

Question 20

true or false: the medulla of the ovaries contains follicles

Answer 20

false: cortex does

Question 21

mature follicles accumulate antral fluid in the _____

Answer 21

antrum

Question 22

what is the location of fertilization or ovum degradation?

Answer 22

ampulla of the uterine tubes

Question 23

true or false: supporting cells of the ovary degenerate shortly after fertilization

Answer 23

false: degenerate if NO fertilization

Question 24

supporting cells of the ovary produce _______ prior to ovulation and those remaining afterwards form a corpus ___ which produces ___________

Answer 24

oestrogen, luteum, progesterone

Question 25

true or false: the uterine tubes are open only at the lateral (infundibulum) end

Answer 25

false: open at both ends

Question 26

what are the three layers of the uterine tubes

Answer 26

mucosa, smooth muscle, serosa (peritoneum)

Question 27

the mucosa of the of the uterine tubes contains all BUT; a) ciliated epithelial cells to assist ovum movement b) connective tissue c) endocrine cells d) mucosal folds e) secretory cells that produce nutritive fluid for ovum

Answer 27

c

Question 28

mucosal folds are found in excess in which two regions of the uterine tubes:

Answer 28

ampulla, infundibulum

Question 29

true or false: the uterus becomes more vertical as the bladder fills

Answer 29

true

Question 30

anteroversion means: a) uterus tilted forwards b) uterus tilted backwards

Answer 30

a

Question 31

retroversion means: a) uterus tilted forwards b) uterus tilted backwards

Answer 31

b

Question 32

list the three regions of the uterus with a brief description:

Answer 32

``` fundus (above entry of uterine tubes) body cervix (structurally and functionally different) ```

Question 33

the three layers in the walls (body + fundus) of the uterus are:

Answer 33

endometrium, myometrium, serosa (peritoneum)

Question 34

the inner region of the endometrium is called the _____ and the outer region is called the ____. Both regions contained specialized mucosa containing uterine _____ .

Answer 34

functionalis, basalis, glands

Question 35

true or false: the basalis is sloughed off during a period and the functionalis remains to regenerate the new endometrium

Answer 35

false: opposite way around

Question 36

true or false: the myometrium is multilayered skeletal muscle that increases in number and size during pregnancy

Answer 36

false; SMOOTH muscle

Question 37

shedding of the functionalis is a result of a sharp decline or incline in: a) decrease in progesterone b) decrease in oestrogen c) increase in progesterone d) increase in oestrogen

Answer 37

a

Question 38

regeneration of a new functionalis is under the influence of: a) decrease in progesterone b) decrease in oestrogen c) increase in progesterone d) increase in oestrogen

Answer 38

d

Question 39

ovulation occurs due to: a) decrease in progesterone b) decrease in oestrogen c) increase in progesterone d) increase in oestrogen

Answer 39

d

Question 40

which of these is FALSE regarding the cervix compared to the uterus: a) narrower b) retroperitoneal c) cylindrical d) less mobile

Answer 40

b

Question 41

true or false: the anterior and lateral sides of the cervix are embedded in pelvic fascia and the posterior side is covered with lining from the rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

Answer 41

true

Question 42

true or false: the cervix is structurally and functionally different to the rest of the uterus

Answer 42

true

Question 43

the _______ is found within the narrow canal of the cervix and the _____ is in the lower part of the canal opening

Answer 43

endocervix, ectocervix

Question 44

true or false: the ectocervix is simple columnar epithelium with mucus-producing glands that are more plentiful and less viscous during ovulation

Answer 44

false: this is the ENDOcervix

Question 45

true or false: the ectocervix contains stratified squamous epithelial cells and is found and leads into the vault of the vagina

Answer 45

true

Question 46

true or false: mucus and shredding of the cervix is involved in menstruation

Answer 46

false

Question 47

the junction between the endocervix (simple columnar epithelium) and the ectoderm (stratified squamous epithelium) is called the __________ ______

Answer 47

transformation zone

Question 48

the groove around the protruding opening of the cervix into the vagina is called the ____ which is a single/double groove consisting of anterior, posterior, and lateral regions

Answer 48

fornix, single

Question 49

the lateral and anterior fornix sides have two layers: _____ and ________

Answer 49

mucosa & muscle

Question 50

the posterior fornix side has three layers: ______, _______, and ______

Answer 50

mucosa, muscle, peritoneum

Question 51

the vagina goes from the: a) vault to vaginal orifice b) fornix to vaginal orifice c) vault to vestibule d) fornix to vestibule

Answer 51

c

Question 52

the vestibule of the vagina is within the _____ cleft

Answer 52

pudendal

Question 53

true or false: the junction of the cervix with the vagina is the external ostium of the uterus

Answer 53

true

Question 54

the vagina is flatted in the ____/______ direction a) lateral/medial b) anterior/posterior c) superior/inferior

Answer 54

b

Question 55

true or false: the vaginal lumen is H-shaped and muscular sphincters keep the luminal walls closed in all regions except the vault

Answer 55

true

Question 56

which of these is NOT involved in keeping the vaginal lumen touching: a) obturator internus b) levator ani, pubovaginalis c) urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal space), sphincter urethral vaginalis d) superficial perineal space, bulbospongiosus

Answer 56

a

Question 57

true or false: the vagina is embedded in pelvic fascia

Answer 57

false: all sides are except the posterior side is facing the pouch of douglas (rectouterine pouch)

Question 58

the ovarian (gonadal) artery supplies: a) ovaries and lateral 1/3 of uterine tubes b) ovaries and medial 2/3 of uterine tubes c) ovaries d) ovaries and all of uterine tubes

Answer 58

a

Question 59

which of these is FALSE regarding the ovarian arteries: a) enters posterolateral ovaries via suspensory ligament b) goes over psoas c) goes under obturator nerve and vessels d) goes over external iliac vessels at pelvic brim

Answer 59

c

Question 60

the internal iliac artery supplies: a) uterus only b) uterine and vaginal branches that anastomose c) only external genitalia d) uterine and vaginal branches that do not anastomose

Answer 60

b

Question 61

true or false: uterine artery branches ascend through the broad ligament and supply transverse branches to the uterus and uterine tubes

Answer 61

true

Question 62

true or false: the ovarian (gonadal) vein is part of the pampiniform plexus

Answer 62

true

Question 63

true or false: the pampiniform plexus forms two ovarian veins in the ovarian ligament, which then forms a singular ovarian vein where the left goes to the renal vein and the right goes to the IVC

Answer 63

false: forms two ovarian veins in the suspensory ligament

Question 64

the ovarian veins drain the: a) ovaries and medial 1/3 of uterine tubes b) ovaries only c) ovaries, uterine tubes, fundus of uterus d) ovaries and lateral 1/3 of uterine tubes

Answer 64

d

Question 65

true or false: the uterus and vagina is drained by the uterine and vaginal plexus which goes to the uterine and vaginal veins and then the external iliac vein

Answer 65

false: goes to INTERNAL iliac vein

Question 66

true or false: the inferior hypogastric plexus supplies the uterus, vagina, ovaries, and uterine tubes

Answer 66

false: only uterus and vagina

Question 67

true or false: the ovarian plexus supplies the ovaries only

Answer 67

false: ovaries, fundus of uterus

Question 68

true or false: ovarian lymph drainage is by the abdominal lymph nodes (lateral aortic and preaortic)

Answer 68

true

Question 69

true or false: the uterus and vagina lymph drain to the superficial inguinal nodes via the round ligament only

Answer 69

false: also to lateral and preaortic nodes along internal + external iliac vessels along rectovaginal folds

Question 70

which of these is FALSE regarding the mons: a) fatty and fibrous connective tissue b) separated by pudendal cleft c) in front of the pubic symphysis d) covered in hair and skin

Answer 70

b

Question 71

true or false: the labia majora are folds containing fatty connective tissue that is covered with moist skin and anteriorly split to enclose the clitoris and posteriorly forms the frenulum of labia

Answer 71

false: this is labia minora

Question 72

true or false: the labia majora is externally covered with skin + hair and internally covered with moist skin. It is separated by the pudendal cleft and joined at anterior and posterior commissures

Answer 72

true

Question 73

true or false: the labium minora is anteriorly split to enclose the clitoris and posteriorly forms the prepuce of the labia

Answer 73

false: posteriorly forms the frenulum of the labia

Question 74

the clitoris contains ___ corpora cavernosa with crura covered with _________ muscle. it also contains ___ bulbs covered in _________ muscle. the bulbs are separated by the ______ _________

Answer 74

two, ischocavernous, two, bulbospongiosus, vaginal vestibule

Question 75

true or false: the greater vestibule glands in females are analogous to the prostate

Answer 75

false: its lesser vestibule glands

Question 76

true or false: the greater vestibule glands in females are analogous to the bulbourethral glands in males

Answer 76

true

Question 77

true or false: the greater vestibule glands (bartholian glands) are on either side of the posterior vaginal orifice

Answer 77

true

Question 78

the external genitalia (labia, bulb, clitoris) are supplied and drained by the _______ _______ vessels

Answer 78

internal pudendal

Question 79

true or false: the external genitalia has dual lymph drainage. superficial drainage to the _____ nodes and deep to nodes along the _____ _____

Answer 79

inguinal, iliac vessels

Question 80

nerve supply to external genitalia is similar in males and females. list the nerve that supplies the muscles, skin, and clitoris and the nerve that supplies the "erectile" tissue

Answer 80

pudendal nerve: transverse perineal muscles, bulbospongiosus, ischocavernous, labia, dorsal nerve of clit inferior hypogastric plexus: uterine, vaginal, cavernous plexi

Question 81

true or false: the cavernous nerve from the inferior hypogastric plexus joins the dorsal root of the clitoris from the pudendal nerve

Answer 81

true