Female and Male Reproductive Anatomy

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Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

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Answer 5

Question 6

The sympathetics of the pelvis come from the sacral plexus which is on the pelvic surface of the ____

Answer 6

• Piriformis muscle

Question 7

The Lumbosacral trunk recieves contribution from what nerves

Answer 7

• L4-L5 + S1-S4(5)

Question 8

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Question 10

Muscular tube located between the bladder and the rectum and inferior to the uterus. It is about 8 cm long

Answer 10

Vagina

Question 11

The vagina opens through the _____ into the vestibule

Answer 11

Perineal membrane

Question 12

The vagina is supported by

Answer 12

Pubovaginalis part of the lavator ani muscle

Question 13

The female urethra begins at the ______ and passes through the

Answer 13

• The female urethra begins at the internal urethral orifice of the bladder
• It passes through the external urethral sphincter, perineal membrane and then through the perineum and vestibule

Question 14

The vagina is between

Answer 14

the bladder and the rectum

Question 15

The superior part of the vagina surrounds the

Answer 15

cervix of the urerus

Question 16

What is culdoscopy

Answer 16

• used to examine the uterine tubes or ovaries
• it goes through the rectouterine pouch

Question 17

Culdocentesis

Answer 17

• to aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch

Question 18

The ureter passes ____ to the uterine artery along the lateral sides of the uterus

Answer 18

inferiorly

Question 19

Uterine arteries enter the sides of the uterus through the _____

Answer 19

broad ligament

Question 20

Branches of the Uterine ateries ascend and descend to anastomose with the

Answer 20

vaginal ateries and the ovarian arteries

Question 21

Does the uterus have a vesical surface and an intestinal surface

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

The distal ends of the uterine tubes open to the _____

Answer 22

peritoneum

Question 23

The fundus of the uterus is normally _____ and ___

Answer 23

anteverted and anteflexed

Question 24

The axis of the uterus is angled _____ (relative to the vagina) and the top of the fundus “flexes” ____ over the bladder

Answer 24

• anteriorly
• anteriorly

Question 25

If the uterus is not anteverted and antiflexed, what may happen

Answer 25

* intra-abdominal pressure can push the uterus inferiorly * contributes to prolapse of the uterus

Question 26

The ____ of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneum that "drapes" over the uterus and associated structures

Answer 26

broad ligament

Question 27

The broad ligament encloses the _____ ligament of the uterus as it extends from the anterior-lateral part of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring

Answer 27

round ligament

Question 28

Transverse cervical ligaments

Answer 28

* condensations of endopelvic fascia that support the uterus * they attach to the lateral sides of the uterus and vagina * The uterine vessles and nerves run through (or along) them

Question 29

Uterosacral ligaments

Answer 29

* Are condensations of endopelvic fascia that extend from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum

Question 30

while the ligament help to support the uterus, the ________ and the _______ are extremely important in preventing prolapse of pelvic structures

Answer 30

* ani muscle and perineal body

Question 31

The ovaries are located near the attachment of the ______ to the lateral pelvic wall

Answer 31

broad ligament

Question 32

The ovaries are suspended from the lateral pelvic wall by

Answer 32

suspensory ligament of the ovary which contains ovarian arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics

Question 33

The inferior part of the vagina is innervated by

Answer 33

somatic branches from the internal pudenal nerve

Question 34

The middle and superior parts of the vagina and uterus are innervated by

Answer 34

* Visceral nerves * uterovaginal plexus (part of pelvic plexus) * sympathetics from lumbar splanchnics * parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnics S2, S3, S4 (motor to the uterus and vagina)

Question 35

Spinal blocks

Answer 35

* Anesthetic agent is injected into the subarachnoid space between L3 and L4 * Produces complete anesthesia below the waist. Uterine contractions cannot be felt

Question 36

Peripheral nerve blocks

Answer 36

* Allows sensation of uterine contractions * Pudendal block * blocks S2, S3, and S4 dermatomes and the inferior part of the vagina * Sacrospinous ligament is the landmark * An iloinguinal block must also be performed to abolish sensation in the anterior vulva * The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (perineal branches) may also need to be anesthetized.

Question 37

Bulbourethral Glands

Answer 37

* Superior to perineal membrane, embedded within sphincter urethrae (external urethral sphincter) * Open into spongy urethra * mucus-like secretions lubricate the urethra

Question 38

Lymphatics of the prostate drains primarily

Answer 38

to internal iliac nodes

Question 39

Lymphatics of the bladder primarily drains to

Answer 39

external iliac nodes

Question 40

Lymphatics of perineal structures drain primarily to

Answer 40

superficial inguinal nodes

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