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Female Breast Anatomy Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

At what gestational age do mammary glands begin to develop?

A

6W LMP

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2
Q

Mammary ridges AKA

A

Milk Lines

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3
Q

Which ducts have already developed by birth?

A

main lactiferous ducts

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4
Q

When do breasts ripen? (age)

A

9-16 years

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5
Q

What hormone stimulates TDLU growth?

A

progesterone

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6
Q

Rapid breast growth at puberty is AKA

A

thelarche

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7
Q

What is premature thelarche?

A

early breast development (6-8 years)

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8
Q

Breasts are not completely mature until

A

pregnancy and lactation occur

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9
Q

When are breasts mature if no immediate pregnancy after menarche?

A

2 years after menarche

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10
Q

Which breast is typically larger?

A

left

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11
Q

Congenital breast anomalies (6)

A
  1. nipple inversion
  2. athelia
  3. polythelia
  4. amastia
  5. polymastia
  6. amazia
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12
Q

Nipple inversion, when congenital, is typically

A

bilateral

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13
Q

Athelia AKA

A

absence of nipple

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14
Q

Absence of nipple AKA

A

Athelia

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15
Q

What is the #1 congenital breast anomaly?

A

Polythelia (Accessory Nipples)

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16
Q

Polythelia AKA

A

Accessory Nipples, #1 most common, typically inferior to normal nipple

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17
Q

Amastia

A

Failure of breast tissue and nipple to develop

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18
Q

Polymastia

A

Accessory breast tissue, usually with no nipple

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19
Q

Polymastia is more common in

A

men, typically axillary

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20
Q

Amazia

A

Absence of functioning breast tissue, under a normal nipple

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21
Q

Breasts AKA

A

Mammary Glands

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22
Q

Layers of tissue seen sonographically: (6)

A
  1. Skin
  2. Premammary layer
  3. Mammary layer
  4. Retromammary layer
  5. Muscle layer
  6. Chest wall
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23
Q

How thick is the breast skin layer?

A

0.5-2mm thick, most thick at base

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24
Q

What is the nipple composed of?

A

erectile tissues, and 15-20 excretory ducts for milk

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25
The areola is made of
smooth muscle tissue
26
Montgomery Glands:
sebaceous glands on areolar surface that secrete protective oils during lactation
27
Axillary Tail of Spence:
mammary tissue that extends into upper outer quadrant and axilla region
28
Where does the pectoralis muscle lie?
2nd-6th rib, sternum-axilla
29
Where does the breast lie?
inferior to 1st or 2nd rib, superior to 7th
30
What is the most common palpable finding mistaken for a mass?
rib
31
Which nerves innervate each breast?
right and left intercostal
32
Premammary Layer AKA
Subcutaneous Fat Layer
33
The premammary layer is present everywhere but
posterior to nipple
34
What can be found in the premammary layer?
sebaceous cysts and lipomas
35
The fat found in the premammary layer can vary depending on:
age, obesity, pregnancy
36
Two other names for Mammary layer:
Glandular or Parenchymal
37
Where does most breast pathology occur?
Mammary Layer
38
What tissues comprise the Glandular layer ?
Epithelial and Stromal
39
Epithelial Tissues:
FUNCTIONAL: TDLU, lobules, lactiferous ducts
40
Stromal Tissues:
STRUCTURAL: fat and connective tissues
41
Each breast has how many lobes?
15-20, arranged in radial fashion around nipple
42
Smallest functional unit?
acini cells, produce milk, found inside lobules
43
Interlobular CT AKA
Coopers Ligaments
44
Intralobular CT:
less dense than Coopers Ligaments, surrounds each individual lobule of breast tissue
45
Which part of the breast contains the most glandular tissue?
upper outer quadrant
46
How many acini cells per breast?
100's
47
What makes up TDLU?
30-50 acinar cells grouped together in a lobule with associated terminal ducts
48
How large are typical TDLUs?
<2mm
49
TDLU size in pts with fibrocystic disease or adenosis:
up to 5 mm
50
TDLU proliferation occurs when?
reproductive years and pregnancy/lactation
51
TDLU atrophy occurs when?
cessation of breast feeding and postmenopausal
52
Where in the breast are most TDLUs found?
anterior, most pathology arises in superficial half of mammary zone
53
Non-lactating ducts measure:
<2mm
54
Lactating ducts measure:
<8mm
55
Describe milk flow through breast:
Acini Cells in Lobules>Intralobular Ducts>Extralobular Ducts>Interlobular Ducts>Main Terminal Duct>Lactiferous Sinus/Ampulla>Collection/Excretory Ducts>Nipple
56
Internal Thoracic Artery AKA
Internal Mammary Artery- supplies medial breast, originates at subclavian art
57
Which artery supplies the lateral breast?
Lateral Thoracic Artery
58
How does lymph drainage move in the breast?
deep>superficial (towards areola)>then towards axilla
59
#1 site for lymph node mets from breast CA?
Axillary
60
Level 1 Axillary Lymph Node Classification:
found in nodes lateral to pectoralis minor | -pectoral, subscapular, lateral, paramammary
61
Level 2 Axillary Lymph Node Classification:
Deep to pectoralis minor | -interpectoral and central nodes
62
Level 3 Axillary Lymph Node Classification:
found in nodes medial to pectoralis minor | -apical
63
Which accessory nodes are considered distant for mets, and therefore have a poor prognosis?
supraclavicular
64
T/F: Normal mammary nodes have posterior enhancement.
False, they do not have posterior enhancement
65
What hormone stimulates ductal proliferation?
estrogen
66
What hormone stimulates lobular proliferation?
progesterone (causes PMS symptoms in breast)
67
Which organ /gland excretes prolactin inhibitors?
hypothalamus
68
Which organ/gland excretes prolactin?
pituitary
69
Which organ/gland excretes oxytocin?
pituitary
70
What does oxytocin do?
causes ductal contraction to expel milk
71
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is secreted by which organ?
the liver - levels assessed after diagnosis, should decrease with tumor removal
72
What role does Alkaline Phosphatase play in lab work for breast cancer?
ezyme levels used to rule out tumor mets in patients with known cancer..elevated in some liver, bone, lung, and pancreatic cancers
73
The classification used for supernumerary breast tissue
Kajava's Classification

Breast Sonography (6 decks)

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