Female Cyclicity

Question 1

Dominant hormone for follicular phase:

Answer 1

Estradiol

Question 2

Dominant hormone for luteal phase

Answer 2

Progesterone

Question 3

Dominant hormone for luteal phase

Answer 3

Progesterone

Question 4

Stages of the estrous cycle: Proestus

Answer 4

Transition from progesterone to estradiol
(FSH and LH lead to transition)

Question 5

Stages of the estrous cycle: estrus

Answer 5

Peak estradiol

Question 6

Stages of estrous cycle: metestrus

Answer 6

Transition from estradiol to progesterone; CL formation

Question 7

Stages of the estrous cycle: diestrus

Answer 7

Sustained peak progesterone
(Longest stage)

Question 8

Animals that are polyestrous (4)

Answer 8

Cattle
Swine
Rodents
Cats

Question 9

Animals that are monoestrus (4)

Answer 9

Dogs
Wolves
Foxes
Bears

Question 10

Animals that are polyestrous (5)

Answer 10

Short day breeders
-sheep
-goats
-deer
-elk
Long day breeders
-mares

Question 11

How is the bitch estrous cycle different than the bovine model?

Answer 11

No metestrus. Estradiol peaks during proestrus. Peak progesterone not sustained in diestrus (1 cycle/yr)

Question 12

True anestrus

Answer 12

Insufficient hormonal stimulus

Question 13

Apparent anestrus

Answer 13

Failure to detect estrus

Question 14

Gestational anestrus

Answer 14

Progesterone inhibits GnRH (normal)

Question 15

Lactational anestrus

Answer 15

Cyclicity suppressed during lactation
Presence of offspring

Question 16

Seasonal anestrus

Answer 16

Modified by photoperiod to carry fetus during favorable time (normal)

Kisspeptin neurons: increase daylength, decrease NE, decrease melatonin, excitation of RFRP neurons, increase RFRP-3 secretion
-short day: decrease Kiss10, decrease GnRH, decrease FSH and LH
-long day: increase Kiss10, increase GnRH, increase FSH and LH

Question 17

Stress-induced anestrus

Answer 17

Negative energy balance