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FEMALE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Flashcards

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1
Q

The female internal reproductive organs the

A

vagina,uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

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2
Q

the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are target organs for ?

they play a unique part in the ?

A

estrogenic hormones,

reproductive cycle.

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3
Q

Vagina

A

-

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4
Q

Vagina is?
Connects?

A

muscular and membranous tube that

connects the external genitals with the uterus.

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5
Q

vagina extends from
In position?

A

A/from the vulva to the uterus
A/ in a position nearly parallel to the plane of the pelvic brim.

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6
Q

The vagina is often referred to as?

because?
T

A

A/ the birth canal
A/ it forms the lower part of the axis through
which the fetus must pass during birth.

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7
Q

The vagina has the following functions:

A

■ To serve as the passageway for sperm during coitus and for the fetus during birth
■ To provide passage for the menstrual blood flow from the uterine endometrium to the outside of the body
■ To protect against trauma from sexual intercourse and infection of the uterus, ovaries, and pelvis from pathogenic organisms

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8
Q

Because the cervix of the uterus projects into the upper part of the anterior wall of the vagina, the anterior wall is approximately 2.5 cm—- than the posterior wall.

A

shorter

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9
Q

Measurements range from——for the anterior wall
and
——for the posterior wall.

A

A/6 to 8 cm
A/7 to 10 cm

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10
Q

In the upper part of the vagina, which is called the?

A

vaginal vault

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11
Q

there is a recess or hollow around the cervix.
This area is called the

A

vaginal fornix.

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12
Q

The walls of the vagina are covered with

A

ridges, or rugae, crisscrossing each other.

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13
Q

These rugae allow the vaginal tissues to ?

A

-stretch enough for the fetus to pass through during childbirth
-stretch for accommodation during coitus.

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14
Q

During a woman’s reproductive life, the vaginal environment is?

Secretion from the vaginal epithelium provides a ?

A

A/normally acidic (pH 4 to 5 ).
A/moist environment.

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15
Q

The acidic environment of vagina is maintained by ?

A

a symbiotic relationship

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16
Q

a symbiotic relationship between ?

What they do ?

A

lactic acid-producing bacilli (Döderlein’s bacillus or lactobacillus) and the vaginal epithelial cells
A/which prevents the entry and growth of microorganisms

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17
Q

Uterus

A

-

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18
Q

The uterus is a

Like?

A

hollow, muscular, thick-walled organ shaped like an upside-down pear

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19
Q

It lies in the?

A

center of the pelvic cavity between the base of the bladder and the rectum and above the vagina .

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20
Q

Uterus It is level with or slightly below the?

A

brim of the pelvis with the external opening of the cervix (the external os) about the level of the ischial spines.

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21
Q

The uterus of the mature women weighs about

A

40 to 70 g
and is 6 to 8 cm long.

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22
Q

Generally, the uterus bends?

forming a ?

If there is a bend in the area of the isthmus of the
uterus, and from there the ?

the uterus is said to be ?

A

A1/forward
A2/sharp angle with the vagina.
A3/cervix points downward,
A4/anteverted or anteflexed.

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23
Q

Uterus Four pairs of ligaments?
They?

A

cardinal, uterosacral, round, and broad
support the uterus. Single anterior and posterior ligaments
also support the uterus.

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24
Q

The uterus is divided into two major parts

A

-an upper triangular portion called the—->corpus, or uterine body,
- a lower cylindric portion called the—>cervix .

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25
The corpus comprises the? is composed mainly of a? The lower third is the ?
A1/upper two thirds of the uterus A2/smooth muscle layer (myometrium) A3/cervix, or neck.
26
The rounded uppermost portion of the corpus that extends above the points of attachment of the fallopian tubes is called the?.
fundus
27
The elongated portion of the uterus where the fallopian tubes enter is called the?
cornua
28
Isthmus is that portion of the uterus between the ?
internal cervical os and the endometrial cavity.
29
The isthmus is about—.? above the? and it is in this area that the?
6 mm uterine opening of the cervix (the internal os), A/uterine lining changes into the mucous membrane of the cervix;
30
Isthmus joins the
corpus to the cervix.
31
The isthmus takes on importance in? because it ?
A/pregnancy A/becomes the lower uterine segment.
32
Functions of the uterus
 The function of the uterus is to provide a safe environment for fetal development.
33
The uterine lining is cyclically prepared by ? a process known as ? .
A/steroid hormones for implantation of the embryo, A/nidation
34
UTERINE CORPUS – Layers
-
35
The outermost layer is the ? which is composed of? .
A/serosal layer, or perimetrium , A/peritoneum
36
The middle layer is the?
muscular uterine layer, or myometrium.
37
The innermost layer of the uterine corpus is the? which is composed of a ?
mucosal layer, or endometrium, A/single layer of columnar epithelium, glands, and stroma
38
The glands of the endometrium produce a Function
thin, watery, alkaline secretion that keeps the uterine cavity moist
39
This endometrial milk function help
-sperm travel to the fallopian tubes - also nourishes the developing embryo before it implants in the endometrium.
40
The myometrium has three distinct layers of uterine (smooth)voluntary muscles . T/F
involuntary
41
The outer layer, found mainly over the? is made up of ? that cause the ?
A1/fundus A2/longitudinal muscles A3/descent of the fetus, which places pressure on the cervical fibers leading to cervical effacement and delivery of the fetus.
42
The thick middle layer is made up of? that assist the ? These muscle fibers surround? their contraction produces a ?
A1/interlacing muscle fibers in figure-eight patterns A2/longitudinal fibers in expelling the fetus. A3/large blood vessels, A4/hemostatic action (a tourniquet-like action on blood vessels to stop bleeding after birth).
43
The inner muscle layer consists of ? that form sphincters at the ? The internal os sphincter inhibits ?
A1/circular fibers A2/fallopian tube attachment sites and at the internal os. A3/the expulsion of the uterine contents during pregnancy but relaxes in labor as cervical dilatation occurs
44
Cervix
-
45
The distal end of the uterus is the
cervix
46
cervix It meets the body of the ? and descends about 2.5 cm to?
A/uterus at the internal os A2/connect with the vagina at the external os .
47
Thus it provides a? The cervix is divided by ?
A1/protective portal for the body of the uterus. A2/its line of attachment into the vaginal and supravaginal areas.
48
The vaginal cervix appears ?
pink and ends at the external os.
49
The cervical canal appears ? which contains ? Most cervical cancer begins at this ?
A1/rosy red and is lined with columnar ciliated epithelium, A2/mucus-secreting glands. A3/squamocolumnar junction.
50
The cervical mucosa has three functions:
■ To provide lubrication for the vaginal canal ■ To act as a bacteriostatic agent ■ To provide an alkaline environment to shelter deposited sperm from the acidic vaginal secretion
51
Uterine Ligaments
The broad ligament The round ligaments The ovarian ligaments The cardinal ligaments infundibulopelvic ligament uterosacral ligaments
52
The broad ligament keeps the uterus ? and provides ? The broad ligament covers ? extends ?
A1/centrally placed A2/stability within the pelvic cavity. A3/the uterus anteriorly and posteriorly A4/outward from the uterus to enfold and stabilize the fallopian tubes.
53
The round ligaments keep the ? The round ligaments arise from ? They extend ? passing through ?
A1/uterus in place. A2/the sides of the uterus near the fallopian tube insertions. A3/outward between the folds of the broad ligament, A4/the inguinal ring and canals and eventually fusing with the connective tissue of the labia majora.
54
The ovarian ligaments anchor the ? They are composed of ? which allow the ligaments to ? This contractile ability influences the ?
A1/lower pole of the ovary to the cornua of the uterus. A2/muscle fibers A3/contract. A4/position of the ovary to some extent, thus helping the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes to “catch” the ovum as it is released each month.
55
The cardinal ligaments are the ? suspending the uterus from ? These ligaments, also known as ? These ligaments prevent?
A1/chief uterine supports, A2/the side walls of the true pelvis. A3/Mackenrodt’s ligaments or transverse cervical ligaments, arise from the sides of the pelvic walls and attach to the cervix in the upper vagina. A4/uterine prolapse and also support the upper vagina.
56
The infundibulopelvic ligament are Arising from the? the infundibulopelvic ligament contains ?
A1/suspends and supports the ovaries. A1/outer third of the broad ligament, A3/the ovarian vessels and nerves.
57
-The uterosacral ligaments provide ?
support for the uterus and cervix at the level of the ischial spines.
58
-Fallopian Tubes
-
59
The two fallopian tubes, also known as ? arise from ?
A1/oviducts or uterine tubes A2/each side of the uterus and reach almost to the side of the pelvis, where they turn toward the ovaries.
60
Each tube is approximately—— cm long. A short section of each fallopian tube is ? The fallopian tubes link the ?
1/8 to 13.5 A2/inside the uterus; its opening into the uterus is 1 mm in diameter. A3/peritoneal cavity with the uterus and vagina
61
The fallopian tube isthmus It is the site of ? .
-is straight and narrow, -with a thick muscular wall - an opening (lumen) 2 to 3 mm in diameter. A2/tubal ligation (a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy
62
Next to the isthmus is the ? which comprises the ? What usually occurs here ?
A1/curved ampulla, A2/outer two thirds of the tube. A3/Fertilization of the secondary oocyte by a spermatozoon usually occurs here .
63
Fertilization of the secondary oocyte by a spermatozoon usually occurs in?
curved ampulla
64
The ampulla ends at the?
fimbria
65
fimbria, which is a ? The longest of these, the ?
A1/funnel-like enlargement with many moving fingerlike projections (fimbriae) reaching out to the ovary. A2/fimbria ovarica, is attached to the ovary to increase the chances of intercepting the ovum as it is released
66
Walls of fallopian tube
-
67
The wall of the fallopian tube is made up of four layers:
peritoneal (serous), subserous (adventitial), muscular, mucous tissues.
68
The— covers the tubes.
peritoneum
69
The subserous layer contains ? the muscular layer is responsible for ?
A1/the blood and nerve supply, A2/the peristaltic movement of the tube.
70
The mucosal layer, immediately next to the ? is composed of ? with the number of ?
A1/muscular layer A2/ciliated and nonciliated cells A3 /ciliated cells more abundant at the fimbria.
71
Nonciliated cells secrete a ? The constantly moving tubal cilia propel?
A1/protein-rich, serous fluid that nourishes the ovum. A2/the ovum toward the uterus. Because the ovum is a large cell, this ciliary action is needed to assist the tube’s muscular layer peristalsis.
72
Functions of fallopian tube
■ To provide transport for the ovum from the ovary to the uterus (transport through the fallopian tubes varies from 3 to 4 days) ■ To provide a site for fertilization ■ To serve as a warm, moist, nourishing environment for the ovum or zygote.
73
Ovaries
-
74
The ovaries are ?
two almond-shaped glandular structures just below the pelvic brim.
75
One ovary is located ? Their size varies among ?
A1/on each side of the pelvic cavity. A2/women and according to the stage of the menstrual cycle.
76
Each ovary weighs 6 to 10 g is 1.5 to 3 cm wide, 2 to 5 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm thick
77
The ovary is held in place by ?
the ovarian, broad, and infundibulopelvic ligaments
78
Layers of Ovary
-
79
A single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells, called the ? covers the ? .
germinal epithelium, ovaries
80
The ovaries are composed of three layers:
the tunica albuginea, the cortex, the medulla.
81
The tunica albuginea is ? serves as a ?
1/dense and dull white 2/protective layer.
82
The cortex is the ? containing ? .
1/main functional part, 2/ova, graafian follicles, corpora lutea, degenerated corpora lutea (corpora albicantia), and degenerated follicles
83
The medulla is completely surrounded by ? contains the ?
the cortex 2/nerves and the blood and lymphatic vessels
84
The ovaries are the primary source of two important hormones:
the estrogens and progesterone.
85
Estrogens are associated with ? including ? The ovaries secrete large amounts of ?
A1/characteristics contributing to femaleness, A2/breast alveolar lobule growth and duct development. A3/estrogens;
86
Progesterone is often called the ?
hormone of pregnancy because it - inhibits uterine contractions - relaxes smooth muscle to cause vasodilation, - allowing pregnancy to be maintained .
87
The—— is the primary source of progesterone during pregnancy.
placenta
88
Progesterone This hormone also inhibits the action of ? thereby preventing ?
1-prolactin in α- lactalbumin synthesis, 2-lactation during pregnancy

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