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ANSC 301: Anatomy > Female & male reproductive anatomy > Flashcards

Female & male reproductive anatomy Flashcards

(40 cards)

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1
Q

Ovarian bursa

A

small peritoneal cavity that surrounds the mesovarium & mesosalpinx

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2
Q

Ovulation fossa

A

HORSES
one edge of the ovary containing (ovulation fossa) where the eggs are shed

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3
Q

Corpus hemorrhagicum

A

small hemorrhage or blood clotted area that develops at the site of a rupture follicle

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4
Q

Corpus luteum

A

yellow body of cells that develops the place of the corpus hemorrhagicum & produces progesterone/temporary endocrine organ

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5
Q

Corpus albicans

A

a white body of connective tissue = degeneration & resorption of luteal tissue (“scars”)

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6
Q

Intercornual ligament

A

: dorsal & ventral ligaments connecting the uterine horns in the cow & ewe

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7
Q

Cervix

A

thick walled & elastic, holds the fetus in the uterus, transition between uterus and vagina, obstacle for sperm migration

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8
Q

Fornix

A

360 degree blind-ended pocket around the cervical opening

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9
Q

Vestibule

A

part of the reproductive tract belonging to urinary & genital systems, connects vagina and vulva, stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

Placentome

A

caruncle & cotyledon together

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11
Q

Caruncle

A

(uterus) makes up the maternal component of the placenta

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12
Q

Cotyledon:

A

dot-shaped looking; transmits fetal blood & allow the exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the maternal blood

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13
Q

Spermatogonia

A

undergo merosis to produce hapoid spermatocytes

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14
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A

mechanical entrapment of spermatozoa and guide hyperactive spermatozoa toward the oocyte

cumulus cells

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15
Q

corona radiata

A

the innermost layer of the cells of the cumulus oophorus

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16
Q

tunica albuguinea

A

strong, white fibrous capsule enveloping the testicle  provides structure

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17
Q

thecal cells

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A

endocrine cells associated with ovarian follicles

18
Q

vestibular glands

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A

production of mucoid secretion that aids in the vaginal and vulvar lubrication

19
Q

What is the primary female sex hormone? Which stage follicle produces it?

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A

Estrogen -> early stage -> primordial follicle

20
Q

What is the pregnancy-promoting hormone?

21
Q

What is the primary female reproductive cell?

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A

Oocyte (“egg”)

22
Q

which species of animal has the ovarian cortex in the center

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A

horses (mares)

23
Q

characteristics of the primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and mature follicles

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A

Primordial follicle: single layer of thin, squamous follicular
epithelium
Primary follicle: single layer of cuboidal epithelium
Secondary follicle: stratified epithelium
Tertiary follicle: larger & developed a fluid zone (antrum)
Mature follicle: continues to increase in size ->
produces/stores estrogen

   - Antral follicle: creates the estrogen
24
Q

what are the 4 segments of the oviduct and their characteristics

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A
  1. Uterine tube: oviduct or fallopian tube
    - Mesosalpinx (another name for oviduct)
    - Site for fertilization
    - Muscular tube running from the ovary to the tip of the uterine horn
  2. Infundibulum:
    - Expanded funnel shape ovarian end of the oviduct
    - Males DO NOT have opening
    - Abdominal opening to oviduct
    - Contains fimbriae:
    - Irregular, finger-like projections on the free edge of the
    infundibulum
  3. Ampulla:
    - The infundibulum leads to the ampulla
    - Longest, largest region of the oviduct
    - Convoluted, ciliated epithelium
    - Muscular outer wall (smooth muscle)
    - Slows the movement of the oocyte
  4. Isthmus:
    - Distal portion of the oviduct
    - Leads distally to the uterine horn
25
what are the the three layers of the uterus?
1. Endometrium: - epithelium and lamina propria - Simple stratified cuboidal - Deep uterine glands in the lamina propria 2. Myometrium: - massive wall of smooth muscle - 3 layers: - Two layers of longitudinal muscles - One layer of circular muscle 3. Perimetrium: - Visceral peritoneum
26
which species have annular rings in their cervix
- Cows: 3-4 rings - Ewes: 6-7 rings - Site of sperm deposition in sows & mares*
27
which species have a funnel shaped cervix
- Sow - Interdigitating pads
28
is the vagina acidic or basic
- pH = acidic (bacteriostatic) - 2 layers of muscle: tunica muscularis - Circular muscle - Longitudinal muscle - Outer layer is serosa - Stratified squamous epithelium (caudally) - Ciliated columnar epithelium (cranially)
29
what is a suburethral diverticulum is and which species have them?
Suburethral diverticulum: - Blind pocket - May block urine from entering uterus - Sow & cow
30
what are the three parts of the broad ligament?
1. Mesovarium: - The cranial part of the broad ligament attaching the ovary to the dorsolateral abdominal wall 2. Mesosalphinx - lateral fold arising from the mesovarium that holds the uterine tube between its two layers - the only portion of the broad ligament not directly attached to the abdominal wall 3. mesometrium - attaches the uterine horns and body to the dorsolateral body wall
31
which structures the proper ovarian ligament connects
* Uterus * Broad ligament * Uterine vessels * Round ligament of uterus * Suspensory ligament of ovary * Ovarian bursa
32
which structures the suspensory ligament of the ovary connects
Suspensory ligament: - Part of the mesovarium - Attaches the ovary to the last rib - Must be broken down when spaying a bitch
33
what are the three fetal membranes and know which is closest to the fetus. Know their key features
1. Innermost layer: amnion - Embryonic membrane surrounding the amnionic cavity & fetus - Amniotic cavity – filled with amnionic fluid - Provides a fluid environment that protects the fetus - Baby is found within 2. Middle layer: allantois - Provides the vasculature from the mother to the 2 membranes (chorion & amnion) - Collects liquid waste from the fetus 3. Outermost: chorion - Surrounding allantoic & amniotic cavity - Fetal layer of the placenta - Composed of 2 layers of cells: - Inner: cytotrophoblast - Outer: syncytiotrophoblast
34
what are the 6 layers (three layers of the chorioallantois/three layers of the endometrium) which comprise the placenta
3 layers of the chorioallantois: 1. Fetal endothelium - Lines the allantoic blood vessels 2. Fetal connective tissue - Mesoderm surrounding the blood vessels 3.Chorionic epithelium - Surface layer of the membrane 3 layers of the endometrium: 1.Maternal epithelium of the endometrium 2.Maternal connective tissue: - surrounds the vessels of the endometrium 3.Maternal endothelium: - lines the vessels of the endometrium
35
what are the difference between endotheliochorial and epitheliochorial placentas and which species they are found in
Horse, pig, and ruminants: - Have all 6 layers (epithelialchorial placenta) Carnivores: - The maternal epithelium and connective tissue layers are absent. - The maternal endothelium directly contacts the chorionic epithelium - Endotheliochorial placenta
36
what is the difference between diffuse/cotyledonary/zonary placentas and which species they are found in
Diffuse placenta: horse & pig - Blood vessels are everywhere on the placenta (very red) Cotyledonary placenta: ruminants - Red dots found around the placenta Zonary placenta: carnivores - Broad red band around the fetus
37
what species has the cervical star?
horses --> allantoic surface
38
what are the two functions of the testes?
- produces both testosterone (male sex hormone) and spermatogonia - Spermatogonia: the male germ cell that differentiates into sperm - Testosterone: the male sex hormone (androgen) development of secondary male characteristics libido
39
what are functions of the Sertoli cell. Know which cells are responsible for the blood testes barrier?
Sertoli cell: (sustentacular cell) - “nurse” cell for developing spermatozoa - Large nuclei - The outermost portion of the tubule, against the outer layer sustentacular cell: (blood-testes barrier) - prevents immune response against developing spermatozoa & protects against harmful materials in the blood
40
what is the function of the Leydig (interstitial) cell
- “Leydig” cells - produce testosterone - cuboidal in shape

ANSC 301: Anatomy (23 decks)

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