Female Pelvic Viscera

Question 1

Relationship of the female genital structures to the bladder and rectum

Answer 1

Middle of pelvis between the bladder anteriorly and rectum posteriorly

Question 2

What are the 2 peritoneal recesses in females? (just names)

Answer 2

Vesicouterine and rectouterine pouch

Question 3

Vesicouterine pouch forms in between?

Answer 3

Bladder and uterus

Question 4

What is the lowest point in female peritoneal cavity and what does it form in between?

Answer 4

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas): between uterus and rectum

Question 5

Function of ovaries and location on pelvis wall

Answer 5

Produce eggs and reproductive hormones

Located on lateral wall of pelvis

Question 6

What does the ligament of the ovary attach?

Answer 6

Attaches the ovary to the supralateral aspect of the uterus

Question 7

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

Answer 7

Fold of peritoneum that encloses the ovarian vessels and nerves as they pass over the pelvic brim to the ovary

Question 8

What is the mesovarium?

Answer 8

Suspends the ovary from the posterior part of the broad ligament

Question 9

Blood supply to the ovary; what does the artery branch from?

Answer 9

Ovarian artery; branch of abdominal aorta at L2

Question 10

Venous drainage of the ovaries

- Difference between right and left ovarian vein drainage

Answer 10

Pampiniform plexus which may converge to form a single ovarian vein
- Right → IVC left → left renal vein

Question 11

Ovary innervation

Answer 11

Ovarian and pelvic nerve plexus

Question 12

Pathway of lymphatic vessels

Answer 12

Follow the ovarian vessels superiorly to the lateral aortic nodes

Question 13

What structures form the uterine tubes?

Answer 13

Oviducts, fallopian tubes

Question 14

Function of uterine tubes

Answer 14

Conduct the oocyte from the peri-ovarian peritoneal cavity to the uterine cavity

Question 15

What are the 4 parts of the uterine tube? (just names)

Answer 15

Uterine (passes through the wall of the uterus), isthmus (narrowest part), infundibulum

Question 16

What part is the longest and widest and normally the site of fertilization?

Answer 16

Ampulla

Question 17

What is ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 17

Implantation of fertilized ovum outside the uterus

Question 18

Blood supply to uterine tubes

Venous drainage

Answer 18

Anastomosing ovarian and uterine arteries

Drained by accompanying veins

Question 19

Lymphatic drainage of uterine tubes

Answer 19

Lymph vessels follow the ovarian veins to the lateral aortic nodes

Question 20

Innervation of uterine tubes

Answer 20

Ovarian and uterine plexuses

Question 21

Relationship of uterus to the pelvis, bladder and rectum

Answer 21

Center of pelvis, posterior the bladder, anterior to the rectum

Question 22

What are the 2 parts of the uterus and what proportion do they make up? What additional structures do those parts include?

Answer 22

Body: superior 2/3
- Fundus and isthmus

Cervis: inferior 1/3

• Least mobile part
• Supravaginal (above vagina)

Question 23

Uterine cavity

• What does it communicate with?
• Extends from what to what?

Answer 23

• Communicates with the lumen of the uterine tubes where they enter the uterine horns
• Extends inferiorly through the internal orifice to the cervical canal and terminates where the external orifice opens into the vagina

Question 24

What is sampled during a pap smear?

Answer 24

Cellular material from the mucosa of both the vaginal and supravaginal cervix

Question 25

What is the normal position of the uterus?

Answer 25

Anteverted (axis of the cervix is bent anteriorly) and anteflexed (long axis of the uterus is tipped anteriorly)

Question 26

What does flexion describe?

Answer 26

The angle between the uterine body and the isthmus

Question 27

What does version describe?

Answer 27

Angle between cervix and vaginal

Question 28

What are the 2 uterine ligaments that arise from the uterine body? Just names

Answer 28

Broad ligament and paired round ligaments of the uterus

Question 29

What is the broad ligament? | - What are its 3 parts?

Answer 29

Double fold of peritoneum that extends laterally from each side of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis - Mesosalpinx: ensheaths the uterine tube - Mesovarium: posterior extension which suspends the ovary - Mesometrium: extends from the uterine body below the mesovarium to the sidewall of the pelvis

Question 30

Describe the pathway of the round ligament of the uterus?

Answer 30

Originate near the fundus from each side of the uterus, pass through the deep inguinal rings, traverse the inguinal canal, insert in the labia majora of the perineum

Question 31

What are the 2 uterine ligaments that arise from the cervix?

Answer 31

Cardinal (transverse cervical) and uterosacral ligaments

Question 32

What are the cardinal ligaments thickenings of? Where are they located? - Relationship with the ureter and uterine artery

Answer 32

Thickenings of endopelvic fascia that connect the uterine cervix to the pelvic sidewall - located at the base of the broad ligament and transmit the uterine vessels - Ureter passes inferior the uterine artery within the cardinal ligament

Question 33

What are the uterosacaral ligaments thickenings of? What do they help to maintain?

Answer 33

Thickenings of endopelvic fascia that connect the uterine cervix to the sacrum - Help to maintain the anteverted position of the uterus

Question 34

Blood supply to the uterus | - Relationship of this artery with the ovarian artery, vaginal artery, and cardinal ligament

Answer 34

Uterine artery Traverses the cardinal ligament and anastomoses superiorly with the ovarian artery and inferiorly with the vaginal artery

Question 35

Venous drainage of the uterus

Answer 35

Uterine venous plexus receives the uterine veins and drains to the internal iliac veins → common iliac veins → IVC

Question 36

What does the lymphatic drainage of the uterus follow? | What nodes does it drain to?

Answer 36

Uterine veins or the uterine ligaments | Internal and external iliac nodes

Question 37

Innervation of the uterus

Answer 37

Uterovaginal nerve plexus, derived from the inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 38

The vagina communicates with what superiorly and inferiorly?

Answer 38

Superiorly: cervical canal Inferiorly: vestibule of vagina

Question 39

Vagina’s relations to bladder, urethra, rectum, cervix

Answer 39

Posterior to the bladder and urethra, anterior to the rectum

Question 40

What is the vaginal fornix? | The posterior fornix is in contact with?

Answer 40

Anterior, lateral, posterior part; recess that surrounds the lower cervix as it protrudes into the upper vagina - Posterior fornix is in contact with the rectouterine pouch = provides access to the peritoneal cavity

Question 41

Blood supply to vagina

Answer 41

Internal iliac artery through its uterine, vaginal, and internal pudendal branches

Question 42

Venous drainage of vagina

Answer 42

Veins of the vagina → uterovaginal venous plexus → internal iliac vein → common iliac veins → IVC

Question 43

Vagina innervation | - Describe the somatic innervation

Answer 43

Uterovaginal nerve plexus Deep perineal branch of the pudendal nerve somatically innervates the lowest vaginal segment (only part of the vagina that’s sensitive to touch)

Question 44

Lymphatic drainage of vagina | Exception: inferior part of vagina and perineum

Answer 44

Vagina: internal and external iliac nodes | Inferior part and perineum: superficial inguinal nodes