Female Pelvis

Question 1

What does the female reproduction organs do?

Answer 1

1. Production of sex hormones
2. Production of ova
3. Serves to protect and support developing embryo

Question 2

What is the uterus?

Answer 2

Hollow, pear shaped muscular organ, which takes care of
1. menstruation
2. pregnancy
3. labor

Question 3

How many walls is the uterus comrpised of?

Answer 3

3 layers

Question 4

How long is the uterus?

Answer 4

7-9 cm in length

Question 5

How is the uterus divided?

Answer 5

5 anatomical regions
1. Cervix
2. Isthmus
3. Body (corpus)
4. Cornua
5. Fundas

Question 6

What is the cervix?

Answer 6

Lowest inferior portion which projects into upper vagina in a fixed position

Question 7

What is the isthmus?

Answer 7

Narrowed portion superior to cervix

Question 8

What is the body (corpus) of the uterus

Answer 8

Largest portion of the uterus which is somewhat mobile

Question 9

What is the fundus of the uterus?

Answer 9

Widest, rounded, superior portion of the uterus. It is also superior to the Fallopian tube insertion

Question 10

How big is the endocervical canal?

Answer 10

2-3 in length

Question 11

What is the internal OS of the endocervical canal?

Answer 11

Superior margin of the cervix which is also called the level of isthmus

Question 12

What is the External OS of the endocervical canal

Answer 12

Inferior margin of cervix which opens into vagina

Question 13

What does the uterine wall comprised of?

Answer 13

1. Endomentrium
2. Myometrium
3. Perimetrium

Question 14

What is the endometrium?

Answer 14

Innermost layer of the uterus which is highly vascular and composed of epithelial and glandular cells

Question 15

What is the myometrium?

Answer 15

Middle layer of the uterus which is the thickest layer comprised of muscle

Question 16

What is the perimetrium (serosa)

Answer 16

Thin outer layer of the uterine wall which contains serous peritoneum

Question 17

Where is the uterine location?

Answer 17

1. Anterior to rectum
2. Inferior to peritoneum
3. Medial to ovaries
4. Posterior to bladder (full)
5. Superior to bladder (empty)

Question 18

What are some positions of the uterus?

Answer 18

1. Anteverted uterus
2. Antelexted uterus
3. Retroverted
4. Retroflexed

Question 19

What is the anteverted uterus?

Answer 19

Anterior tilt of uterine body which formed an ~90 degree angle with cervix and vagina

Question 20

What is a anteflexed uterus?

Answer 20

Anterior flex of body and fundus

Question 21

What is a retroverted Uterus?

Answer 21

Body and fundus tilt posterior

Question 22

What is a retroflexed uterus?

Answer 22

Body and fundus flex more posteriorly,

Question 23

What is the vagina?

Answer 23

Long muscular tube which extends from cervix to external vaginal orifice. The spaces here form for fornices which upper canals encircle cervix

Question 24

Where is the vagina located?

Answer 24

Between the bladder and rectum

Question 25

What are some uterine variants?

Answer 25

1. Uterus uterus 2. Uterus didelphys (two of everything) 3. Uterus Bicornis bicollis 4. Uterus Bicornis unicollis (Heart shaped) 5. Uterus sub septum 6. Uterus unicornis (One tube)

Question 26

What are the Fallopian tubes also known as?

Answer 26

Uterine tubes or oviducts

Question 27

What are the Fallopian tubes?

Answer 27

Paired, muscular tubes that extend from cornea to the ovaries. Route for ovum to uterus and sperm to ovum, which is the location for fertilization.

Question 28

How big the fallopian tubes?

Answer 28

3 mm or less diameter

Question 29

What are the segments of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 29

1. Interstitial or intramural 2. Isthmus 3. Ampulla 4. Infundibulum

Question 30

What is the interstitial or intramural segment of the Fallopian tubes?

Answer 30

Narrowest part and located within uterine cornua

Question 31

What is the isthmus of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 31

Short, straight and narrow part which is adjacent to uterine wall

Question 32

What is the ampulla of the Fallopian tubes?

Answer 32

Longest section of the Fallopian tubes which widens laterally, which is the usual area of fertilization

Question 33

What is the infundibulum?

Answer 33

The funnel shaped lateral portion of the Fallopian tubes, which contain the fimbria

Question 34

What is the fimbria of the infundibulum?

Answer 34

Finger like projections in which sweep the ovum towards the tube

Question 35

What are the ovaries?

Answer 35

The bilateral, ellipsoid (almond) shape storehouse for ova. Size varies with age, menstrual phase, pregnancy status

Question 36

What do the ovaries do?

Answer 36

Production of estrogen and progesterone

Question 37

What is the ovarian size?

Answer 37

Post pubertal Length: 3cm Width: 2 cm AP: 1cm (anterior to posterior)

Question 38

What is the ovarian location?

Answer 38

Located in the true pelvis, specially in the adnexa. The position is variable Typically: lateral to uterus and posterior to broad ligament Anterior to ureter Anterior to internal iliac artery Anterior to gonadal vessels

Question 39

In an ultrasound image in the reproductive ovary, how many anechoic follicles are normal

Answer 39

Multiple

Question 40

Where are the arteries in the pelvis?

Answer 40

Uterine arteries branches off the internal iliac arteries, which join the ovarian arteries at the level of the fallopian tunes

Question 41

What is the venous vasculature of the pelvis like?

Answer 41

Follows a similar course to the arteries

Question 42

What are the ligaments of the female pelvis?

Answer 42

Folds of peritoneum that anchor and support the female pelvic anatomy

Question 43

What is the board ligaments?

Answer 43

Not true ligaments which are the double fold of peritoneum that supports uterus and encloses the oviducts.

Question 44

What does the board ligaments do?

Answer 44

Divides pelvis into anterior and posterior compartments which prevents side to side movements

Question 45

What is the round ligaments?

Answer 45

Extends from lateral uterus to anterior pelvic wall, which is responsible for anterior tilt of uterus

Question 46

What is the ovarian ligament?

Answer 46

Between the ovary and lateral uterus

Question 47

What is the cervical (cardinal) ligament?

Answer 47

From lateral cervix to pelvic floor, which stabilizes cervix and prevents downward displacement of uterus

Question 48

What are pelvic spaces?

Answer 48

Potential spaces formed by peritoneum draping over pelvic structures

Question 49

Why must we be aware of pelvic spaces?

Answer 49

Awareness of these spaces can be important because fluid can drain into them

Question 50

What is the anterior cul-de-sac space?

Answer 50

Vesicourterine pouch which is peritoneum draped between the posterior bladder wall and anterior surface of uterus

Question 51

What is the posterior (curl-de-sac)

Answer 51

Also known as rectouterine pouch or pouch of Douglas. It has a peritoneum which drapes between the anterior rectum and posterior uterus, most depended portion of the pelvis

Question 52

What is the space of retzuis

Answer 52

Also known as Retropubic or prevesicular space. This is located between the symphysis pubis and anterior bladder and is filled with extraperitoneal fat