Female Pelvis

Question 1

Muscle appearance

Answer 1

Moderate echogenicity with ecogenis striations within the long axis

Question 2

Muscles can be mistaken with

Answer 2

Ovaries or masses within pelvis

Question 3

Muscles are image in ____ planes

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Uterus location

Answer 4

Retroperitoneal

Pelvic cavity

Question 5

Between birth and puberty the uterus descends gradually from

Answer 5

The lower abdomen into the true pelvis

Question 6

Uterus anatomic locations

Answer 6

Pubic bone, bladder anterior

Rectum posteriorly

Question 7

Three major portions of the uterus

Answer 7

Fundus body cervix

Question 8

What is cornua

Answer 8

Area of the body where the tubes enter

Question 9

What is at and superior to the cornua

Answer 9

Fundus

Question 10

Where is the body

Answer 10

Area between cervix and cornua

Question 11

Cervix

Answer 11

Slightl narrowing between body and proximal vagina
Opens into the upper vagina
Canal made up by internal and external os

Question 12

Distal end of cervix space between vagina

Answer 12

2 lateral fornix

Anterior and posterior fornix

Question 13

Vagina

Answer 13

Fibromuscular canal that lies in the midline
Runs from the cervix to the external genitalia
The cervix protrudes into the proximal vagina
Rectum lies posteriorly

Question 14

Uterus _____ walled muscular organ

3 layers

Answer 14

Thick

Perimetrium (layer of serous membrane)
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 15

Myometrium

Answer 15

Big muscle, majority of uterus

Question 16

3 layers of mymetrium

Answer 16

Inner layer ‘subendometrial halo”
Intermediate
Outer

Question 17

Endometrium 2 layers

Answer 17

Superficial functional later - part that sloughs off each menses

Deep basal layer - stays attached to uterus

Question 18

Uterus paired ligaments

Answer 18

Broad
Cardinal
Uterosacral

Question 19

Uterus unparied ligaments

Answer 19

Posterior
Anterior
Round

Question 20

Broad ligament

Answer 20

Boudle folds of parietal peritoneum
Uterus is suspended between these folds
Extend lateral aspect of uterus to the lateral pelvic walls

Question 21

Cardinal ligaments

Answer 21

Lower extension of broad

Question 22

Round ligaments

Answer 22

Fibromuscular cords extends from upper outer angles of the uterus through inguinal canal and attach labia majora

Question 23

Uterosacral ligaments

Answer 23

Fold like extensions of pertitoneum

Posterior uterus to sacrum, each side of rectum

Question 24

Anterior ligament

Answer 24

Fold peritoneum goes from anterior surface of uterus to posterior surface of bladder

Forms anterior cul de sac or vesicouterine pouch

Fluid collects in this area

Question 25

Posterior ligament

Answer 25

Extends from posterior side of uterus to rectum Forms deep pouch, pouch of duglas, or posterior cul de sac, rectouterine recess Fluids collect in this area

Question 26

Functions of uterus

Answer 26

If fertilization occurs, implants into endometrial lining and develops within UT Myometrial contractions at labour No fertilization Menstration occurs Myometrial contractions aide sloughing off. endometrium

Question 27

Blood supply to uterus

Answer 27

Uterine arteries arises —> internal iliac arteries (primary supply to uterus) Travels within broad ligament, at cornua anastomose with ovarian artery->then enter the myometrium Uterine plexus of veins runs along with arteries

Question 28

Uterus position

Answer 28

Cervix is fixed in midline, body and fundus is mobile

Question 29

Flexion

Answer 29

Axis of the uterine body relative to the cervix

Question 30

Version

Answer 30

Axis of the cervis relative to the vagina

Question 31

What can affect or change position of uterus

Answer 31

Distension of bladder | Rectal fullness

Question 32

Uterus positioning

Answer 32

Usually anteverted and anteflexed Can be retroverted-> entire uterus tilted backwards realtive to vagina Retroflexed — body is tilted posteriorly (relative to cervix)

Question 33

Uterus size and shape

Answer 33

Vary through out life | Age, hormonal status, parity

Question 34

Infantile uterus size, cervix size, shape

Answer 34

2.8 length uterus Cervix 2/3 of total length Tubular or inverse pear shape

Question 35

Neonate uterus size and shape

Answer 35

Slightly larger the infantile due to maternal hormone stimulation 3.4 cm Inverse pear shape

Question 36

From 8 to puberty

Answer 36

Uterus gradually increases in size

Question 37

Puberty

Answer 37

Uteurs increase in size, especially body of uterus Diameter and lenth of the body about boudle cervical size Becomes adult shape and size

Question 38

Adult size of uterus

Answer 38

7-8 length x 5 w x 4 ap Parity (pregnancy increases normal size by 1 cm in each dimension Pear shaped

Question 39

Menopausal uterus

Answer 39

Atropies 3.5-6.5 L and 1.2-1.8 width Calcifications in arcuate arteries —> linear calcific foci Small echogenic foci within inner myometrium All of these are incidental findings with no clinical significance

Question 40

Contour of uterus

Answer 40

Smooth

Question 41

Walls of uterus that are echogenic

Answer 41

Myometrium and endometrium

Question 42

Echotexture of myometrium

Answer 42

Homogenous

Question 43

3 distinguishable layers with US in myometrium

Answer 43

Inner - hypo Intermediate - low to moderate echos, homogenous Outer - thin, less echos than inter