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Spring 2014 - OB TEST 4 - S & D EVAL OF FEMALE PELVIS ✔️ > Female Pelvis Breakdown And Vascularity > Flashcards

Female Pelvis Breakdown And Vascularity Flashcards

0
Q

What is S/D ratio?

A

Peak systole/end diastole ratio

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1
Q

How do you distinguish between a vessel and a cyst when scanning?

A

Use color Doppler or pulsed Doppler display

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2
Q

What is RI?

A

Resistive Index

      Peak systole
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3
Q

What is PI?

A

Pulsatility Index

           Mean
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4
Q

How are arteries and veins positioned in the body?

A

Arteries are usually anterior to veins

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5
Q

Where are the iliac vessels located?

A

In the lateral pelvis

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6
Q

Where are the uterine vessels located?

A

Lateral to cervix

LUS at level of internal so

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7
Q

What is the RI of the uterine vessels in a non pregnant uterus?

A

RI .88

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8
Q

The vagina has how many sources of blood?

A

2

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9
Q

When dealing with the vagina, what does a branch of the uterine artery supply?

A

Anterior surface of the vagina and the cervix

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10
Q

When dealing with the vagina, what does a branch of the internal iliac vessel supply?

A

Posterior surface of the vagina

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11
Q

The RI of the ovaries ________ throughout the menstrual cycle.

A

Varies

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12
Q

Describe resistance and velocity during the follicular phase.

A

High resistance

Low velocity

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13
Q

During ovulation, describe velocity and RI. What is RI of corpus luteum?

A

Max velocity higher
RI decreases
.44 or lower impedance in corpus luteum

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14
Q

What is the RI of a post menopausal ovarian artery? Describe diastole flow.

A

.94

No diastole flow evident after 5 years into menopause = RI 1.0

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15
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

Serosa
Myometrium
Endometrium

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16
Q

Describe uterus serosa.

A

Not visualized sonographically

Outer layer

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17
Q

Describe uterus myometrium.

A

Middle muscle layer
Homogeneous smooth walled borders
Arcuate arteries may have calcification

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18
Q

Describe uterus endometrium.

A

Inner layer
Thin hypovascular
Contains spiral arteries

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19
Q

Describe the location of the internal os of the cervix.

A

Body of uterus separated from cervix by isthmus

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20
Q

Describe the cervical canal.

A

Homogenous
Echogenic central line
May contain cysts

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21
Q

What type of cysts are found in the cervix and what are their sizes?

A

Nebothian cysts

1-2 cm

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22
Q

How can the true lie of the uterus be visualized?

A

Endovaginally

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23
Q

How will an anteverted uterus seen on the screen?

A

Fundus to left of screen

Cervix to right of screen

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24
Q

How is a retroverted uterus seen on the screen?

A

Cervix to left of screen

Uterus to right of screen

25
Q

How is the endometrium seen best?

A

Endovaginally

26
Q

Menstruation days and endo size?

A

Days 1-4

Hypoechoic line 4-8 mm

27
Q

Early proliferative phase days and endo size?

A

Days 5-9

6 mm

28
Q

Late proliferative phase days and endo size?

A

Days 10-14

10 mm when ovulation occurs

29
Q

Secretory (luteal) phase days and endo size?

A

Days 15-28

7-14 mm

30
Q

What doesn’t get included even measuring the endometrium?

A

Fluid

31
Q

Endometrium size during childbearing years is what?

A

4-14 mm normal

32
Q

Post menopausal endo size?

A

Less than 8 mm

33
Q

Post menopausal with HRT endo size?

A

Up to 14 mm

34
Q

At what size should the endo have additional evaluations?

A

If greater than 5 mm

35
Q

Can you see the Fallopian tubes?

A

Usually no

36
Q

What is the size of the Fallopian tubes?

A

8-10 mm

37
Q

How can you find the Fallopian tubes when scanning?

A

Follow laterally from cornua to ovaries

38
Q

What does an abnormal Fallopian tube look like?

A

Tortuous tubular structure

39
Q

How do the ovaries normally lie within the pelvis?

A

Laterally to uterus and anteromedial to iliac vessels

40
Q

Describe the ovoid medium level.

A

Echogenic structure with follicles

41
Q

Describe a Graafian follicle.

A

Day 14 dominant follicle

2 - 2.5 cm

42
Q

What happens after ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum develops

43
Q

What is the normal ovary volume during premenarch?

A

3-8 cm cubed

44
Q

What is the normal ovary volume during menarch?

A

9.8-21.9 cm cubed

45
Q

What is the normal ovary volume during postmenopausal?

A

5.8-8 cm cubed

46
Q

What is the measurement of normal follicles?

A

Less than 3 cm

47
Q

Describe postmenopausal cysts.

A

Greater than 5 cm with septations or nodules should be removed

48
Q

Describe inclusion cysts.

A

Echogenic nonshadowing foci
1-3 mm
Normal cysts

49
Q

Describe focal calcifications.

A

Stromal reaction
Previous hemorrhage or infection
Need f/u or r/o early neoplasm

50
Q

What is another name for the posterior cul de sac?

A

Pouch of Douglas

51
Q

Are small amounts of fluid in the cul de sac normal?

A

Yes

52
Q

When should fluid in the cul de sac be a concern?

A

Large amounts of fluid

Debris or septated fluid

53
Q

How is bowel seen while scanning?

A

Dirty shadow

Fluid filled with peristalsis

54
Q

Other names for a sonohysterography…

A

Saline infused sonography

Hysterosonograghy

55
Q

What does a sonohysterography evaluate?

A

Thickness of endometrium to r/o a polyp or mass

56
Q

How is a sonohysterography done?

A 
Insert sterile speculum
Catheter is inserted
Speculum is removed
TV probe is inserted
10-15 cc sterile saline is inserted
57
Q

What is 3 dimensional imaging called?

A

Volume imaging

58
Q

What does volume imaging evaluate?

A

Endometrium

59
Q

What kind of imaging is demonstrated with 3D?

A

Coronal imaging

60
Q

How is a volume image taken?

A

Press 3D/4D button
Will automatically sweep to image
Sonographer manipulates image to visualize endometrium canal
Line up dots with endo line in 3 different planes

Spring 2014 - OB TEST 4 - S & D EVAL OF FEMALE PELVIS ✔️ (2 decks)

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