Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GYN > Female Physiology > Flashcards

Female Physiology Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How are blood levels controlled between the ovaries and the hypothalamus?

A

Feedback mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When serum estrodiol levels fall below a certain serum concentration, the _____________ produces ___________?

A

Hypothalamus; gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The ___________ and ___________respond to estrogen and progesterone levels in blood.

A

endometrium; ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Once GnRH is released, the pituitary gland is stimulated to produce _________ and __________.

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What hormone stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles?

A

FSH

**note: as follicles grow, increasing estradiol levels within follicles help them respond to the LH with eventual ovulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What hormone makes a follicle mature into the “graffian” or dominant follicle that ruptures causing ovulation?

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The bleeding and shedding of the endometrial lining that occurs at approximately monthly intervals from menarche to menopause is called?

A

mesturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The onset of menses, usually occurring between 11-14 years of age, is called?

A

menarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Termination of regular menses, usually occurring between 45-55 years of age, is called?

A

menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Termination of regular menses prior to age 40 is called?

A

premature menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the Ovarian Phases?

A
  1. Follicular Phase (days 1-14)
  2. Ovulation (day 14)
  3. Luteal Phase (day 15-28)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What hormone stimulates the follicular phase of the ovary?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Several follicles develop each month and the dominant follicle my be identified about day ______ when it measures _____.

A

8; 10mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Any follicle > 11mm, will most likely __________.

A

ovulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How will a dominate follicle grow? And what is the maximum diameter?

A

Linearly approximately 2-3mm/day

Diameter varies 15-30mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a line of decreased reflectivity around follicle suggest?

A

ovulation will occur in 24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the presence of cumulus oophorus (mural nodule within follicle) suggest?

A

ovulation will occur within 36hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For ovulation, a surge of what hormone causes rupture of follicular membrane?

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sono findings that indicate ovulation has occurred are?

A

Sudden decrease in follicular size

Free fluid in Pouch of Douglas or adnexa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In the luteal phase of ovary, what happens to the crater left by expulsion of the ovum?

A

Becomes filled with a fatty yellowish cell type which becomes corpus luteum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The corpus luteum manufactures and secretes ____________ and smaller amounts of estrogen to prepare and maintain the endometrium for _____________.

A

progesterone; implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If there is a pregnancy, what happens in regards to hormones?

A

BhC6 is produced to stimulate corpus luteum to produce progesterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If there is no pregnany, what happens in regards to hormones?

A

No BhC6, no stimulation of corpus luteum, no progesterone, decrease progesterone, destabilization of Endo, menstruation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sono findings in the luteal phase include:

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Replacement of dominant follicle with an echogenic structure representing thrombus
  2. Small irregular cystic mass with irregular thick borders and low-level echos = the blood inside
  3. Hypervascular with low resistance flow
25
What are the uterine phases?
1. Menstrual Phase (days 1-5) 2. Proliferative Phase (days 6-14) 3. Secretory Phase (days 15-28)
26
The desquamation and sloughing of the superficial layer of the endometrial tissue and blood cells occurs and is expelled in form of menses is what uterine phase?
Menstrual Phase
27
Sono findings of menstrual phase of uterus include:
thick, echogenic endometrium prior to start of menses. complex appearance at beginning of menses very thin (2mm) after menses
28
What uterine phase includes: The regeneration and proliferation of Endometrium, is stimulated by estrogen which is secreted by the developing follicles?
Proliferative Phase
29
Sono findings pf proliferative phase include:
"triple stripe" = tri layered endo | which is hypoechoic area around prominent midline echo.
30
What happens during the secretory phase of uterus?
- At ovulation the endo prepares for possible implantation of fertilized ovum. - Progesterone from corpus luteum causes endometrium to become edematous and spongy - Without BhC6 from a fertilized egg, the progesterone production from corpus luteum falls and menses begins.
31
Sono findings of Secretory phase:
thick, echogenic endo, 14-16mm. No triple stripe
32
Excessive volume during cyclic menstrual bleeding is called?
Hypermenorrhea (Menorrhagia)
33
An abnormally small amount of menstrual bleeding is called?
Hypomenorrhea
34
Frequent menstrual bleeding occurring less than 21 days apart is called?
Polymenorrhea
35
Menstrual bleeding occurring more than 35 days apart is called?
Oligomenorrhea
36
Irregular, frequent bleeding is called?
Metrorrhagia
37
Bleeding that is irregular in both frequency and volume is called?
Menometrorrhagia
38
Bleeding that occurs between normal cycles is called?
Intermenstrual bleeding
39
Intermenstrual bleeding in OC or HRT is called?
Breakthrough Bleeding
40
Bleeding after vaginal intercourse is called?
Postcoital bleeding
41
Painful bleeding is called?
Dysmenorrhea
42
Absence of menstrual flow is called?
Amenorrhea
43
Amenorrhea can be Primary or Secondary which means?
Primary: patient has never had a period Secondary: patient had periods but they stopped
44
Bleeding occurring 1 year after menopause or at unanticipated times in HRT is called?
Post-menopausal bleeding
45
Abnormal bleeding from an essentially normal uterus. Causes may be functional or organic, and may include endocrine disorders and many others.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
46
What are OCP's?
Oral Contraceptive Pills - pills contain estrogen and progesterone taken everyday for 20-21 days - prevents ovulation, no dominant follicle - endo growth often surpressed, so normal cyclic endo measurements will not be observed
47
What is an IUD?
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device - can last 5-10 years - all types are seen on ultrasound: echogenic line with posterior shadow - most common complication is uterine perforation
48
Inability of a man or women to achieve pregnancy after at least a year of regular sexual intercourse without birth control is called?
Infertility
49
What are the percentages of infertility?
40% due to female factors 40% due to male factor 5-10% due to both male and female 5-10% unexplained
50
Female infertility factors include but not limited to?
- anovulation & abnormal ovulation - tubal and transport factors - endometriosis - uterine factors (fibroids, congenital anomalies) - PCOD - Cervical factors (mucus non alkaline)
51
What are the drugs for ovulation inductions? (4)
1. Clomid = Clomiphene Citrate 2. Gonadotropins 3. Glucophage = Metformin 4. Parlodel
52
What is IVF?
In Vitro Fertilization - ovaries are stimulated to produce follicles - transvaginal ultrasound performed daily to monitor follicles - oocytes are aspirated and incubated with sperm - 2-4 fertilized eggs are transferred to uterine cavity
53
When Embryo (or zygote) is placed into the fallopian tube (rather than the uterus, as with IVF) this is known as?
Zygote Intrafallopian Tube Transfer (ZIFT)
54
What is it called when sperm and ova are placed into the fallopian tube?
Gamete Intrafallopian Tube Transfer (GIFT)
55
What is it called when sperm is placed into uterus?
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
56
What are 2 complications of fertility treatment?
1. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) | 2. Multiple Gestations
57
A condition resulting from excessive stimulation of the ovaries is?
Ovarian Hyperstimuation Sydrome
58
Sonographic findings of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome are?
- large simple cysts with a diameter >5cm - bilateral - may have acites and pleural effusion
59
What are some risks that can happen with multiple gestation's?
- increased risk to mother | - increased risk of premature delivery

GYN (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions