Female Repoductive Physioogy Flashcards
(52 cards)
How much did the follicle grow from resting phase to pre ovulation phase?
1000 fold 0.2mm to 20mm
The granulosa cells develop a receptor for which hormone?
When do the follicle become depart on FSH to grow?
FSH
When they develop an antrum
What does LH drive in the theft cells?
Conversion of cholesterol to testosterone
Testosterone is then converted to estradiol in the graulosa cells under the inflamed of FSH
What hormone is responsible for the selection of the dominant follicle?
FSH it rises for 3 days increasing the number liber of granulosa cells meaning the production of inhibin and estadiol increase.
Negative feedback to FSH and FSH levels fall
What happens when the estradiol level increases above 300nmol/l for 2-3 days
Negative feedback switches to posited - causes LH surge
What happens to the level of estradiol after ovulation
Dramatic decrease as the thexa and granulosa layers are disrupted. As the corpus luteum form slow increase reaching peak after 1 week
What other effect does the LH surge have on the picture
Causes oocyte to complete first meiotic division with polar body leaving
Enter second meiotic diversion
When does the second meiotic division take place?
Spermatozoon penetrating oocyte
What hormone does the blastocyst form to support the corpus luteum
Human chorionic gonadotropin
What happens to the endometrium in the follicular stage under the influence of rising oestrogen
Rapid division
Glandular cells grow
Growth of blood vessels
Progesterone receptors on endometrial cells
What happens to the endometrium in the luteul phase?
Oedema
Secrete glycoproteins
Reach peak of 6mm
What is the effect of progesterone on the cervix
Reduced oedema
Mucus becomes thicker
Glycoproteins form mesh
Barrier for spermatozoa
How long is the epidermis
How long goes it take to go move down the epididymis
5 m
8-14 days
Cardiac output increases by how much
40%
When does cardiac output fall again
Lots in first 6 weeks but maybe take a several months to reach pre pregnancy level
How much does heart rate increase
10%
What changes are seen to the peripheral vascular resistance and BP?
When is nadir of BP
Reduces
SBP reduces by 10mmHg
DBP reduces by 5mmHG
24 weeks
What is supine hypotensive syndrome
Lies supine compressed inferior vena cava impeding venous return leading to fall in cardiac output,
Fall in BP feel dizzy/faint/nauseous
Fetal distress
How does the increased cardiac output change the anatomy of the heart
Hypertrophic
Dilation of the left ventricle and atrium
Raised diaphragm causes heart to be shifted anterior to the left
LAD by 15 degrees
Inverted T wave in lead 3
What changes to ventilation are seen in pregnancy? How does this affect the blood gas?
Increase in ventilation by 40% - high progesterone
Falll on PaCo2 to 4.1kPa, alkaline pH, increased bicarbonate from the kidneys
What changes causes this change in ventilation
Tidal volume increases by 40% no change in RR
Residual volume decrease/exploratory reserve/inspiraotry reserve volume
What changes are seen to the anatomy of the kidney during pregnancy?
Kidneys increase in size
Ureters dilate ( progesterone and obstruction)
Renal blood flow and GFR increase
U
How does urea and creatinine change in pregnancy?
Urea falls 4.3 to 3.1
Creatinin falls 73 to 47
Why is constipation common in pregnancy
Slower small and larger bowel motility in response to progesterone the
