Female repro

Question 1

Region of the ovary enriched with follicles?

Answer 1

Cortex

Question 2

Region of the ovary with loose CT and lots of blood vessels?

Answer 2

Medulla

Question 3

What forms the primordial follicles?

Answer 3

a discontinuous layer of squamous cells surrounding the parenchymal region of the ovarian cortex

Question 4

What happens in the primary follicular phase?

Answer 4

• ovum increases in size
• follicle cells grow to form continuous cuboidal sheath around cell
• zona pellucidum begins to form (secreted by ovum)

Question 5

growth/proliferation of follicular cells are called…

Answer 5

granulosa cells (form granulosa membrane)

Question 6

How does the growing primary follicle get nutrients?

Answer 6

the ovum and innermost granulosa cells send microvilli out to the zona pellucida layer that form gap jxns

Question 7

During the 2nd follicular phase, the granulosa cells secrete fluid that accumulates where?

Answer 7

Antrum

Question 8

Theca Interna

Answer 8

2nd phase - growing stromal cells change from spindle to round, highly vascularlized; makes androgens

Question 9

Theca externa

Answer 9

the spindle cells right outside the theca interna that remain spindle shaped

Question 10

where are androgens converted to estrogens?

Answer 10

granulosa cells

Question 11

when the antrum becomes horseshoe shaped during the 2nd follicular phase, it’s called ___

Answer 11

Graafian follicle

Question 12

When does final maturation of the follicle occur?

Answer 12

day 14 of 28

Question 13

what happens during final maturation of the follicle?

Answer 13

graafian follicle bulges and fills medulla, small - spaces now in the stalk of the cumulus
- oocyte completes first meiotic division and forms polar body as well as secondary oocyte

Question 14

what happens during ovulation?

Answer 14

• day 14/28
• oocyte released from follicle
• increase in P in the antrum, enzymatic breakdown of wall of the follicle, smooth muscle in theca externa contracts

Question 15

what is ovulated?

Answer 15

• secondary follicle

- zona pellucida + corona radiata

Question 16

where is the oocyte immediately after it’s ovulated?

Answer 16

peritoneal cavity

Question 17

when the oocyte and follicular fluid leave the follicle, follicle collapses and is converted to __________

Answer 17

corpus luteum

Question 18

when granulosa cells enlarge, acquire fat and a yellow pigment they are called _____

Answer 18

granulosa lutein (now they make progesterone)

Question 19

what initiates menstruation?

Answer 19

loss of estrogen and progesterone

Question 20

the corpus luteum is eventually converted to scar tissue called ________

Answer 20

corpus albicans

Question 21

Hormone of pregnancy tests

Answer 21

human chorionic gonadotropin (secreted by corpus luteum to prevent its destruction)

Question 22

developing follicles that fail to ovulate undergo _______

Answer 22

follicular atresia

Question 23

4 regions of the oviduct

Answer 23

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, pars uterina

Question 24

cells of the oviduct mucosa

Answer 24

peg and ciliated cells

Question 25

epithelium of endothelium

Answer 25

simple columnar

Question 26

two main layers of endometrium (which one undergoes cycles monthly?)

Answer 26

functionalis (cycles) and basalis (deeper layer)

Question 27

phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 27

Day 1-4: menstrual Day 5-14: proliferative/follicular/estrogenic (glands become straighter) Day 15-27: secretory/luteal/progesterone Day 28: ischemic phase

Question 28

histological change to uterus during secretory phaseg

Answer 28

glands become tightly coiled, spirally

Question 29

when is corpus luteum maximally developed? (what day of menstrual cycle)

Answer 29

23