Female Repro Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the main hormonal functions of the ovaries?
Produce estrogen and progesterone.
Which layer of the uterus undergoes cycle of proliferation?
The mucuous layer which sheds every 28 days.
What effects do estrogen and progesterone display on cervical mucus?
Estrogen causes thin and stringy mucuous to help guide sperm.
Progesterone causes a thick and tacky mucous.
Where is Inhibin released in the female reproduction system?
Released from the Ovaries.
This is a peptide hormone.
Where are the female steroid hormones released from? Estradiole Progesterone Androstenedione Testosterone?
All secreted from the ovaries!
Where are steroid hormones excreted through?
1/5 through the bile
And the rest through the urine.
What effect does estrogen have on the uterus, breast, and skeleton?
Causes increased size and proliferation of endometrial stroma in the uterus.
Increases breast stromal tissue, duct size, and deposition of fat.
Inhibits osteoclastic activity in bone inhibiting bone resorption.
What effect does progesterone have on the uterus?
Secretory changes of endometrium to prepare for implantation.
Decreases contractions and prostaglandin production.
When is the primary oocyte made and when is the secondary oocyte made?
The primary is made when the diploid oocyte is signalled to undergoe development into a secondary oocyte (Haploid). Most diploid oocytes will remain arrested until signaled during reproductive years. (Halted in prophase)
The secondary oocyte is the result of a meitoic division at ovulation ultimately yielding a haploid gamete, meisosis II will occur following fertilization.
Describe the follicular state of the primordial follicle.
This is a single layer of granulosa cells covering the primary oocyte.
These guys secrete hormone oocyte-maturation inhibiting factor haltering maturation.
Describe the primary follicle.
Prolferation of the granulosa cells resulting in multiple layers around the primary oocyte.
What occurs during the follicular phase and how long does it last?
Follicle devlopment
Endometrial proliferation
Follicular phase is followed by ovulation
Starts on Day one - 14
What occurs in the luteal phase?
The corpus luteum forms
Endometrial differentiation occurs
If fertilization does not happen the menses occurs.
How often is LH released in the monthly sexual cycle?
Around every 90 minutes or so following the pulsatile pattern of GnRH.
What regulatory effects do the steroids estrogen and progesterone have on the hypothalamus and anterior pit?
Both positive and negative feedback.
What hormonal regulatory effects are occuring during the follicular phase
Estrogen provides a negative feedback at the level of the anterior pit mostly and a little at the hypothalamus.
However, a rise in FSH causes the secondary follicle to form and development of the theca cells to occur.
What hormones play a part at mid cycle just before ovulation?
What regulatory action does this have?
36 hours of high estrogen exert a positive feedback at the anterior pit and hypothalamus causing a FSH,LH peak.
What regulatory factors are occuring during the luteal phase by hormones?
Progesterone and estrogen both exert a negative feed back to the anterior pit.
What cells produce inhibin A and inhibin B?
Granulosa cells of the ovary.
How does Inhibin B function during the follicular phase?
Secreted from granulosa cells
Negative feedback to anterior pit causing inhibition of FSH.
How does Inhibin B function just after ovulation?
Inhibin B spikes to decrease FSH secretion.
How does inhibin A function during the luteal phase?
Secreted from corpus luteum and inhibits gonadotropin secretion.
Where is androstenedione made in the female and what stimulates its production?
LH stimulating Theca cells to transform cholesterol into androstenedione during the follicular phase.
Where is Estradiole made and what stimulates its production?
Granulosa cells make estradiole from androstenedione and is stimulated to do so by FSH during the follicular phase.
