Female repro. sys

Question 1

4 functions of female repro. sys

Answer 1

1. Production of gametes
2. Fertilisation
3. Nourish and develop offspring (before & after birth)
4. Produce repro. hormones

Question 2

6 organs of female repro. sys

Answer 2

• Breast/mammary glands: breast feeding
• Ovaries: oogenisis & ovarian cycle
• uterine tubes: fertilisation
• uterus: uterine cycle & preg.
• vagina
• External genitalia

Question 3

Primary function of breast

Answer 3

synthesise, secrete and expel milk

Question 4

Each breast contains _ glands (modified _ glands) that produce _. Glands consist of _ lobes separated by _ tiss.: containing _, which contain _

Answer 4

mammary, sweat, milk. 15-20, adipose, lobules, alveoli

Question 5

Milk production controlled by _ hormone

Answer 5

prolactin

Question 6

Release of milk due to _ hormone through _ FB

Answer 6

oxytocin, +ve

Question 7

6 structures of female external genatalia

Answer 7

Vulva, Vestibule, Labia minora, clitoris, labia majora, mons pubis

Question 8

perineum has a _ region medial to thighs and _ in both fe+males & contain external getalia and _.

Answer 8

Diamond, buttocks, anus

Question 9

The ant. _ _ contains _ _. The post. _ contains _

Answer 9

urogenital triangle, external genitalia, triangle, anus

Question 10

What’s the clinical perinuem? What can be performed on the structure

Answer 10

b/w vagina & anus plays role in childbirth=> stretch. Episiotomy

Question 11

Location of hymen and formix

Answer 11

Hymen: (thin mucous mem.) surrounds vaginal opening
Fornix: Domed portion on sides of cervix

Question 12

structure of vagina

Answer 12

tubular, fibromuscular structure 10cm long. Lined w/ mucous mem. & rugae (>stretch): non-keratinised stratified squamous

Question 13

Function of cervical mucosa

Answer 13

secrete mucous for lubrication during intercourse

Question 14

How vagina acidic and why?

Answer 14

epithelial cells release glycogen- metabolised by bacteria => lactic acid = acidic = toxic to foreign pathogens

Question 15

What is the ectocervix & external os

Answer 15

Ectocervix: The portion of the cervix protecting the vagina

Ext. os: Opening of ectocervix

Question 16

What is the cervical canal?

Answer 16

Narrow passageway b/w external os and uterine cavity

Question 17

Cervix secretions before and after ovulation. What does oesterogen do to the cervix @ ovulation and why?

Answer 17

Before: External os filled w/ thick & acidic mucus = prevent entry of sperm & bacteria.
After: Oesterogen => Thining and increasing secretions 10x = reduce pH = enable sperm through

Question 18

Function of uterus

Answer 18

Implantation of fertilised ovum and development of foetus

Question 19

What artery supplies uterus?

Answer 19

uterine artery from internal iliac artery

Question 20

3 parts of uterus

Answer 20

Fundus, body and cervix

Question 21

Layers of uterus

Answer 21

1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium: functional (stratum functionalis) and basal (stratum basalis)

Question 22

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 22

Ampulla in oviduct/fallopian tube/ uterine tube

Question 23

3 sections of uterine tube

Answer 23

Infundibulum, ampulla, Isthmus

Question 24

Function of fimbrae and cilia

Answer 24

move 2º oocyte and fluid twd uterus

Question 25

Name and locate the 3 ligaments of the ovaries

Answer 25

- Mesovarium: peritoneal fold attaches ovary to post. surface of broad ligament - Suspensory ligament: mesovarium to body wall (contains ovarian A, V and nerves) - Ovarian ligament: ovary to superior margin of uterus (where ovarian A, V & N enter through to ovary)

Question 26

Name the difference between primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle and mature/grafian follicle

Answer 26

- Primordial: 1º oocyte + granulosa cells (squamous) - Primary: 1º oocyte + granulosa cells (cuboidal >>secretion) - Secondary: 1º oocyte, granulosa cells, zona pellucida, fluid-filled vesicles + theca - Mature: 1º oocyte, CUMULUS cells, zona pellucida, ANTRUM + theca

Question 27

describe oogenesis

Answer 27

1. oogonia mitotic division 2. primary oocyte -> Meiosis 1 -> prophase 1 = 2 million oocytes before birth 3. Puberty= 3-400, 000 oocytes left. Continue & finish meiosis 1 => secondary oocyte 4. Ovulation: secondary -> oocyte meiosis 2 -> metaphase 2 5. Fertilisation: completion of meiosis 2

Question 28

Describe ovarian cycle (9 steps)

Answer 28

1. Day 1: Increase GnRH => increase FSH + LH from ant. pit. gland 2. FSH: mature 1º follicle. LH: thecal cells produce androgens - converted into estrogen by granulosa cells 3. SLIGHTLY Hi lvls estro. (-ve FB) inhibit FSH + LH release. Also inhibited by inhibin from granulosa cells 4. VERY Hi lvls of estro. +ve FB on hypoth. + ant. pit. 5. Surge of LH + FSH (@ day 14= ovulation) 6. Bc of Hi LH 2º oocyte formed & ovulation. Estro. lvl decline 7. formation of corpus luteum & secrete progesterone + lil estro. 8. Hi lvls of prog. + estro. inhibit FSH & LH release (-ve FB)= inhibit growth of other follicles 9. Corpus luteum degenerates bc lo lvls of LH. then decrease of prog. + estro. allows new cysle to begin