Female Repro System

Question 1

Name the organs of the female reproduction tract.

Answer 1

ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and external genitalia (vulva)

Question 2

Name the three sections of the broad ligament.

Answer 2

• Mesovarium
• Mesosalpinx
• Mesometrium

Question 3

What does the Mesovarium support?

Answer 3

The ovaries

Question 4

What does the Mesosalpinx support?

Answer 4

Oviduct

Question 5

What does the Mesometrium support?

Answer 5

Uterus

Question 6

Where is the broad ligament located in cattle and sheep?

Answer 6

Dorsolateral in the ileum region.

Question 7

What organs are supported by the broad ligament?

Answer 7

ovaries, oviducts, and uterus

Question 8

Which ducts will fuse together to form uterus, cervix and anterior part of the vagina.

Answer 8

Mullerian

Question 9

Which organ performs the exocrine and endocrine functions?

Answer 9

Ovary

Question 10

Which hormones does the ovary produce?

Answer 10

Estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin, inhibin, activin,relaxin

Question 11

What is short for estrogen?

Answer 11

E2

Question 12

What is short for progesterone?

Answer 12

P4

Question 13

What is the central part of the ovary called?

Answer 13

Medulla

Question 14

What does the medulla consist of?

Answer 14

Vasuculature, nerves and lymphatics.

Question 15

What is different about the medulla in a mare?

Answer 15

the cortex and medulla are reversed

Question 16

At what point does ovulation occur in the mare?

Answer 16

ovulation fossa

Question 17

Describe the Tunica Albuginea.

Answer 17

outer connective tissue over the ovaries.

Question 18

What is between the tunica albuginea and the ovary?

Answer 18

ovarian cortex

Question 19

Where does ovulation occur in the ovaries in cows, ewes and sows?

Answer 19

Random locations

Question 20

How are oogonia produced?

Answer 20

mitotic division

Question 21

What do oogonia form when in mitotic division? And what is the process?

Answer 21

oocytes-arrested in prophase

Question 22

Atresia is what?

Answer 22

Death of the cells-reduces the number of oocytes at the time of birth-further reduces at puberty

Question 23

Which layer surrounds the primary oocyte at birth?

Answer 23

Primordial Follicle

Question 24

What does the Primordial Follicle develop into?

Answer 24

it advances into a primary follicle.

Question 25

What does the term hysterectomy mean?

Answer 25

Surgical removal of the uterus (derived from Platos notion that the uterus was an organ that could wander around the body)

Question 26

How is the primary follicle characterized?

Answer 26

an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cubical follicular cells.

Question 27

What is the center of a follicle called?

Answer 27

Nucleus

Question 28

List the process of a follicles.

Answer 28

Primordial Follicle, Primary Follicle, Secondary (2) follicle, tertiary (3) follicle and preovulatory follicle

Question 29

What is another name for the Preovulatory Follicle?

Answer 29

Graffian Follicle

Question 30

What three layers make up the (3) follicles?

Answer 30

Theca Externa, Theca interna and granculosa layer

Question 31

Describe the Theca Externa

Answer 31

Connective tissue and surrounds and supports the ovary

Question 32

Describe the Theca Interna

Answer 32

Just beneath the theca externa and responds to Lh and makes androgens

Question 33

What are the granculosa cells?

Answer 33

Are underneath the theca interna and are seperated by the basement membrane. Respond to FSH and make estrogen, inhibin and follicular fluid.

Question 34

What is the difference between the secondary and the tertiary follicle?

Answer 34

Tertiary has an Antrum

Question 35

What happens after the dominant follicle ovulates and the small blood vessels break?

Answer 35

The theca is pushed to the apex of the follicle and the structure is called a corpus hemorrhagicum (CH)

Question 36

What become luteal cells and form the corpus luteum?

Answer 36

theca interna and granulosa cells

Question 37

What does the CL produce?

Answer 37

Progesterone (P4)

Question 38

As the Cl regresses it becomes a pale brown or white called what?

Answer 38

Corpus Albicans

Question 39

What four segments is the Oviduct divided into?

Answer 39

Fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

Question 40

What is the largest part of the oviduct?

Answer 40

Ampulla taking over 1/2 the length

Question 41

What is the name for the opening of the ampulla?

Answer 41

Ostium

Question 42

What is the junction between the ampulla and isthmus?

Answer 42

ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ)

Question 43

What is unique about the AIJ in the mare?

Answer 43

It only allows fertilized oocytes to pass through

Question 44

At what point does the uterus directly connect to the isthmus?

Answer 44

Uterotubal junction (U-T)

Question 45

What is different about the U-T in cows and ewes?

Answer 45

There is a flexure in the U-T during estrus

Question 46

Why does the oviduct have a smooth muscle?

Answer 46

Transport the ovulated oocytes and sperm to the ampulla

Question 47

What part of the oviduct does the fertilization take place?

Answer 47

Ampulla

Question 48

Name the 4 purposes for the oviductal fluid.

Answer 48

Capacitation, Hyperactivation, fertilization and preimplantation devolpment

Question 49

What is capacitation?

Answer 49

Process the sperm must go through to be able to fertilize

Question 50

What is hyperactivation?

Answer 50

The sperm begin swimming rapidly to increase the chances of running into an egg

Question 51

List the three types of uterui and their characteristics.

Answer 51

Duplex-Two horns, two cervixes (Rabbits) Bicornuate-Two horns, one cervix (mare, cows, sheep etc) Simplex-One cervix, no horn (humans)

Question 52

What are the functions of the cervix?

Answer 52

Produce mucus (Cows and ewes), Guard against bacteria, facilitate sperm transport

Question 53

What is the serosal layer of the uterus?

Answer 53

Perimetrium

Question 54

What two muscle layers make up the myometrium of the uterus?

Answer 54

longitudinal layer and circular muscle under it. They run perpendicular to each other for more strength.

Question 55

Why is muscle so important in the Uterus?

Answer 55

It has to expel the young with contractions

Question 56

Describe the myometrial tone.

Answer 56

Under the influence of E2 (estrus) the uterus feels firm. With P4 influences it feels flacid (anestrus)

Question 57

What two parts make up the endometrum?

Answer 57

mucosa and submucosa

Question 58

What happens to uterine glands under the influence of E2 and P4?

Answer 58

They coil under an E2 influence and reach full secretory capacity with P4

Question 59

Name the functions of the uterus

Answer 59

Sperm Transport, Luteolytic Mechanisms, Gestation and Partuition

Question 60

Describe the differences of the caruncles in the different species.

Answer 60

sheep and cows have ceruncles that devolop into the maternal portion of the placenta. Sows and horses have endometrial folds instead that provide space for the placenta

Question 61

What is the suburethral diverticulum and what species is it in?

Answer 61

Sow and cows have a blind pouch ventral to urethral opening remaining from the duct systems

Question 62

The vestibule is a portion of which organ?

Answer 62

The vagina

Question 63

What are the Garters ducts?

Answer 63

Blind sacs that are the remnants of the Wolffian duct

Question 64

Stimulation of the clitoris increases conception rates in cows by how much?

Answer 64

6% in beef cows

Question 65

Vestibular Glands play what role in the repro system?

Answer 65

Secrete a mucus like material during estrus

Question 66

What is the primary tissue of the ovary?

Answer 66

ovarian cortex

Question 67

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 67

In the Ampulla of the Oviduct

Question 68

Where does gametogenesis occur?

Answer 68

Ovary

Question 69

What is the outer part of the ovary called in cattle, sheep and swine?

Answer 69

The cortex

Question 70

What does the cortex contain?

Answer 70

Ovarian structures (Follicles and Corpora lutea)

Question 71

What happens at the ovarian cortex?

Answer 71

Ovulation in sheep, cows and pigs

Question 72

What do follicles contain?

Answer 72

The oocyte

Question 73

What is the primary follicle made up of?

Answer 73

Oocyte and a single layer of cubical follicle cells

Question 74

What is the primordial follicle made of?

Answer 74

Oocyte and a single layer of flattened cells

Question 75

What is the secondary follicle made up of?

Answer 75

Oocyte, Zonnapelussa and 2 more layers of follicular cells

Question 76

What makes up the Tertiary follicles?

Answer 76

Oocyte, Zonnapullsa, Antrum and more layers of follicular cells

Question 77

Which follicle can develop into the dominant preovulatory/Graffian follicle

Answer 77

Antral

Question 78

What makes up the ovarian structures CH, CL, CA

Answer 78

Follicular cells remaining after ovulation morph into the structures

Question 79

What are the contraction functions of the oviduct?

Answer 79

- Mix oviduct contents - Help remove the ova of remaining follicular cells - Increases sperm-ova contact - Regulates ova transport

Question 80

List the External Genitalia.

Answer 80

Vulva, Labia, Perineum, Clitorus, Vestibular Gland