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Endocrine Physiology > Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is ovotesticular DSD?

A

True hermaphroditisim - both testicular and ovarian tissue
46, XX

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2
Q

What is female pseudohermaphroditism?

A

Virilization of external genitalia: clitoral hypertrophy
46, XX

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3
Q

What is the cause of female pseudohermaphroditism?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - excessive androgen production

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4
Q

What is male pseudohermaphroditism?

A

Inadequate production of testosterone and AMH leading to ambiguous external genitalia
46 XY

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5
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

Genetic defect on X chromosome resulting in resistance to testosterone in fetus - masculinisation impaired

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6
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

genetic defect on X chromosome resulting in
resistance to the action of testosterone in the fetus:
masculinization is impaired or prevented

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7
Q

What are 3 characteristics of androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

Testes but female appearance
vagina ends as blind pouch
No menustration

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8
Q

What is 5 alpha reductase deficiency?

A

Inherited autosomal recessive mutation in SRD5A2 gene

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9
Q

What does a lack of 5 alpha reductase cause?

A

Testosterone isn’t converted into DHT
Female or ambiguous external genitalia with micropenis and hypospadias, cryptochidism, bifid scrotum, decreased male fertility

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10
Q

What is the management of all DSDS?

A

Sex assignment
Genitoplasty
Gonadectomy
Hormone replacement therapy

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11
Q

What is the major ovarian steroid before menopause?

A

Estradiol

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12
Q

What is estradiol essential for?

A

Development of secondary sexual characteristics eg promotes adipose tissue deposition, growth of reproductive tissue and breast developement

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13
Q

What is estrogen’s role in fertility?

A

Growth of ovarian follicles
endometrial and myometrial growth

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14
Q

What is estrogens’s role in lactation?

A

Stimulates duct growth
Inhibits milk let down

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15
Q

What is progesterone’s role in fertility?

A

Decrease uterine muscle contractions
Endometrium receptivity
cervical/vaginal actions

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16
Q

What is progesterone’s action in lactation?

A

Stimulates lobuloalveolar development
Inhibits milk let down

17
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

Regulation by FSH

18
Q

Where does estrogen synthesis take place?

A

Follicles of the ovary

19
Q

When is LH peak?

A

Ovulation

20
Q

What forms the corpus luteum?

A

Progesterone

21
Q

What hormone is responsible for luteolysis?

A

PGF2alpha

22
Q

When does ovulation occur/

A

Day 11-14

23
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Expulsion of mature oocyte to abdominal cavity

24
Q

What is the oocyte collected by?

A

Trumpet-shaped distal end of uterine tube (infundibulum)

25
Q

What is oocyte expulsion triggered by?

A

LH surge

26
Q

What is an example of natural contraception?

A

Temperature/mucus/calendar method
80% effectivity
only applied in women with a regular cycle

27
Q

What are characteristics of the combined pill?

A

Contains estrogen and progesterone
prevents ovulation (99% effective)
reduces period pain
can cause reduced antibiotic effectivity

28
Q

What are characteristics of the mini-pill?

A

Contains progesterone
prevents ovulation, egg implantation and sperm getting through cervix (99% effective)
for patients with high BP

29
Q

What atre the advantages of 17beta-estradiol compared to ethinylestradiol?

A

Less -ve impact on liver metabolism and ZNS
high protective effect to osteoporosis
+ve effect on vaginal epithelium, skin and CT
less effects on CV system

30
Q

What does the morning after pill contain?

A

Progesterone

31
Q

What are 5 advantages of a vaginal ring?

A

safe as pill
high cycle stability
simple to apply
high compliance
good for young women

32
Q

What does the IUD contain?

A

copper or levonorgestrel (LNG, progesterone)

33
Q

What are potential IUD complications?

A

Expulsion, perforation of uterus and inflammation

34
Q

What is the injectable contraception?

A

Injected every 12 weeks
contains progesterone
prevents sperm getting through cervix and egg implantation
takes time for periods and fertility to reoccur

35
Q

What is the patch?

A

Transdermal patch applied to skin that releases synthetic estrogen and progesterone
changes every 7d

Endocrine Physiology (12 decks)

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