Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB > Female Reproduction and Contraception > Flashcards

Female Reproduction and Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the vagina allows for expansion during childbirth

A

the transverse, tubular folds with rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the acidity of the vagina

A

pH of 4-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

puberty is defined as

A

transitional stage from childhood to sexual maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what age is considered puberty

A

between 8-11 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is menarche

A

a woman’s first menstruation, usually around 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is menopause

A

the end of woman’s reproductive phase, occurs around age 50-55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is perimenopause

A

begins in late 40s, with irregular periods, estrogen production declines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is menstruation

A

periodic uterine bleeding that begins 14 days after ovulation if pregnancy does not occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a marked increase in this hormone triggers puberty

A

estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what can cause things to get stuck in fallopian tubes

A

gonorrhea, chlamydia, scar tissue causing lumen to get smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

if pregnancy develops in the fallopian tubes it is called what

A

an ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

day 1 of a woman’s menstrual cycle is what

A

the first of menstrual bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

approx. day 14 of woman’s menstrual cycle is what

A

ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what constitutes ovulation

A

dominant follicle is released into the fallopian tube to prepare for fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how long does an ova live without being fertilized

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the leftover pieces of the dominant follicle become what

A

the corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the role of the corpus luteum

A

it releases large amounts of progesterone to thicken the endometrial lining of the uterus to prepare for implantation of an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what triggers menstrual bleeding to occur

A

if after 14 days the uterus is not implanted, the release of progesterone and estrogen significantly drop resulting in the shedding of the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does fertilization occur

A

the ampulla of the fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

after fertilization what happens to the fertilized ovum

A

it will travel down to the uterus over course of 3-4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when does implantation occur

A

6-10 days after conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why does ovulation cease during pregnancy

A

due to high levels of estrogen and progesterone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where do 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur

A

in the ampulla of the fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the leading cause of 1st trimester miscarriage

A

ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are some symptoms of ectopic pregnancy

A
  • missed/late period
  • dark red/brown vaginal bleeding
  • pain and tenderness, escalating from dull to colicky
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed

A

high index of suspicion, pregnancy test, transvaginal ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the main concern of an ectopic pregnancy

A

tubal rupture and shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

surgical treatment for ectopic pregnancy

A

surgical removal of part of tube or laparoscopic removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy

A

methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how does methotrexate treat ectopic pregnancy

A

antimetabolite and folic acid antagonist destroys rapidly dividing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

when treating ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate what is important nursing care

A
  • monitor BP, H & H, pain, bleeding, psych issues, unexpected pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the impact of an ectopic pregnancy

A
  • leading cause of infertility

- recurrant ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the recurrent ectopic pregnancy rate after surgery

A

10-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the recurrent ectopic pregnancy rate after methotrexate treatment

A

10-12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

important safe handling for methotrexate

A

pregnant women should not handle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pt teaching with methotrexate

A

no alcohol, or folic acid, no sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what hormone is secreted when pregnant that is used to determine if pregnant

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is the role of HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

A

stimulate the corpus luteum to continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone to maintain pregnancy until placenta is functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what 4 hormones are important for pregnancy

A
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
  • human placental lactogen
  • relaxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is the important of progesterone during pregnancy

A

most important because it maintains the endometrium and relaxes uterine muscles preventing abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what does human placental lactogen provide

A

it increases the availability of glucose for the fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what does relaxin do

A

inhibits uterine activity and softens connective tissue and relaxes pelvic joints allow baby to fit through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what can compromise the placenta

A

malnutrition, HTN, drugs, smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is the purpose of the placenta

A

oxygenation and sustaining fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

where does the placenta form

A

the site of embryo implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

when does maternal-placental circulation begin

A

day 17 when the baby’s heart starts beating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

when is the placenta fully formed

A

by week 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

how big is the placenta

A

half the size of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what 2 membranes make up the placenta

A

the chorion and amnion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

which membrane of placenta contains blood vessels

A

chorion (cords)

52
Q

chorion is on what side of the placenta

A

the uterine side

53
Q

what does the chorion have that allows for exchange of oxygen and nutrients from maternal bloodstream

A

the chorionic villi that burrow into endometrium of mothers uterus

54
Q

which membrane is closest to fetus

A

the amnion

55
Q

which membrane is the inner membrane that creates the sac and contains the amniotic fluid

A

the amnion

56
Q

which membrane creates the outer covering of the umbilical cord

A

the amnion

57
Q

how much amniotic fluid is there at full term

A

between 800-1200mL

58
Q

what is hydramnios/polyhydramnios

A

greater than 2 L of amniotic fluid

59
Q

what is oligohydramnios

A

less than 300cc of amniotic fluid

60
Q

during what test is amniotic fluid measured

A

biophysical profile (BPP)

61
Q

when is the umbilical cord completely developed

A

5th week

62
Q

what prevents compression and allows for nourishment

A

Wharton’s jelly

63
Q

what is “nuchal” cord

A

cord wrapped around fetus’ neck

64
Q

what is cord compression

A

cord sandwiched between fetal head and maternal pelvis

65
Q

what blood vessels are in umbilicus

A

two arteries and one vein

66
Q

the drop in teen pregnancies is most likely a result of an increase in what form of contraception

A

IUDs

67
Q

what is FAM

A

fertility awareness method

68
Q

what is involved in the fertility awareness method

A

calendar rhythm, natural family planning, basal body temp, cervical mucous ovulation detection

69
Q

what is coitus interruptus

A

“pulling out”

70
Q

what are disadvantages to coitus interruptus

A

least effective at 40%, need to be sexually experienced, does not protect against STIs

71
Q

4 barrier methods to contraceptions

A
  • condoms
  • diaphragm
  • cervical cap
  • contraceptive sponge
72
Q

advantages of condoms

A
  • increase male participation
  • prolonged intercourse
  • low cost
  • many protect against STIs
  • no prescription
73
Q

effectiveness of condoms

A
  • perfect use 80%

- typical use 65%

74
Q

disadvantages of condoms

A
  • can leak or rupture
  • lubricants can decrease effectiveness
  • single use
  • dulled penile sensation
75
Q

advantage of female condom

A

can be inserted up to 8 hours prior to intercourse

76
Q

disadvantages of female condoms

A
  • outer ring can cause irritation
  • high cost
  • insertion can be awkward or difficult
  • noise produced during intercourse
77
Q

what is diaphragm

A

uses cap over cervix and spermicide to prevent fertilization

78
Q

effectiveness of diaphragms

A
  • just spermicide 70%/60%

- both 94%/80%

79
Q

advantages of diaphragm

A
  • no script
  • spermicide adds lubrication
  • pulling out not needed
  • safe for breastfeeding
80
Q

disadvantages of diaphragm

A
  • may be irritating
  • messy
  • interferes with spontaneity for repeat intercourse
  • weight gain, may need to get new size
  • contraindicated in hx of UTI, cystitis, TSS
81
Q

what is cervical cap

A

cap that covers cervix and held by suction

82
Q

advantages to cervical cap

A
  • no script
  • pulling out not needed
  • safe for breastfeeding
83
Q

disadvantages to cervical cap

A
  • limited sizes
    -replaced annually
    -refit if weight gain
    -can’t be used during period
    can move during intercourse
    -contraindicated if hx of TSS
    -awkward insertion and removal
84
Q

effectiveness of cervical cap

A

80%/70%

85
Q

what is contraceptive sponge

A

polyurethane sponge containing spermicide

86
Q

advantages of sponge

A
  • no script
  • low cost
  • no pulling out
  • safe for breastfeeding
87
Q

disadvantages of sponge

A
  • bulky and awkward
  • irritation to spermicide
  • effectiveness reduced in parous women
  • contraindication in hx of TSS or abnormal paps
88
Q

what is TSS

A

toxic shock syndrome

89
Q

what is toxic shock syndrome

A

severe acute septic systemic disease

90
Q

what bacteria usually causes TSS

A

staph aureus

91
Q

what prevention measure for TSS are there

A

removal of diaphragm after 6-8 hrs, removal of sponge after 24 hrs

92
Q

characteristics of TSS

A
  • high temp
  • diarrhea, vomiting
  • weakness and faintness
  • muscle aches
  • sore throat
  • sunburn type rash
  • painful urination and abdominal fullness
93
Q

what are oral contraceptives

A
  • the hormone pill taken for 3 weeks and 1 week of placebo sugar pills
94
Q

how do oral contraceptives work

A

theoretically prevents release of egg from ovaries

95
Q

effectiveness of the pill

A

95%

96
Q

common side effects of the pill

A

nausea, weight gain or loss, breast tenderness, spotting, headaches, missed periods

97
Q

when miss pill what do you do

A

take 2 pills as soon as you remember, if miss two double up for 2 days

98
Q

ECP is

A

emergency contraception

99
Q

do ECP’s interrupt an established pregnancy

A

no

100
Q

how long after unprotected sex can ECPs be used

A

5 days

101
Q

what is paraguard

A

copper IUD, form of ECP if inserted within 5 days after unprotected sex

102
Q

how does paraguard work

A

prevents fertilized ovum from implanting

103
Q

what is depo-provera

A

shot/injection that is hormones that stops ovaries form releasing egg

104
Q

what is the effectiveness of depo-provera

A

99.7% effective

105
Q

effectiveness of paraguard

A

99.9% effective

106
Q

ortho-evra is what

A

the patch worn each week for 3 weeks and then 1 patch free week

107
Q

effectiveness of ortho-evra

A

99%

108
Q

what characteristic makes the patch uneffective

A

weight of more than 196 pounds

109
Q

what is nuva ring

A

flexible ring that fits in vagina that is worn for 3 weeks and removed during week 4

110
Q

effectiveness of nuva ring

A

99% effective

111
Q

what is Mirena

A

intrauterine devise that contains hormones to prevent pregnancy

112
Q

effectiveness of Mirena

A

99.1%

113
Q

how long can IUD be in

A

up to 5 years

114
Q

side effects of IUD

A

increased cramping, bleeding, vaginal discharge, heavy periods

115
Q

pt teaching for IUDs

A

monthly string check, and bleeding may be irregular for first few months

116
Q

difference between mirena and paraguard

A

mirena contains hormones, paraguard does not

117
Q

what is nexplanon

A

flexible plastic rod implanted into the arm

118
Q

does nexplanon contain estrogen

A

no

119
Q

how long does nexplanon last

A

3 years

120
Q

effectiveness of nexplanon

A

99%

121
Q

what does amniotic fluid contain

A

albumin, lecithin, skin cells, enzymes, fructose, lanugo, sphingomyelin, urea, creatinine

122
Q

function of amniotic fluid

A

maintain fetal temp, cushions fetus from trauma, allows musculoskeletal development, lung development and maturity

123
Q

does fetus swallow AF

A

yes

124
Q

can AF flow in and out of lungs

A

yes

125
Q

does fetus urinate in AF

A

yes

126
Q

is AF constantly being produced

A

yes

127
Q

characteristics of AF

A

odorless, clear, transparent fluctuating volume

OB (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions