Female Reproduction Imaging Flashcards
(26 cards)
Label
A – Iliac crest
B – ASIS
C – AIIS
D – Obturator foramen
E – Superior pubic ramus
F – Ischial tuberosity
G – lesser trochanter of femur
H – Sacroiliac joint
Which muscle attaches to G?
Iliopsoas – hip flexor
What are the characteristics of transabdominal pelvic ultrasound?
Mid-low frequency transducer (up to 5 MHz)
Full bladder used as an acoustic window
General overview of pelvis
What are the characteristics of transvaginal pelvic ultrasound?
Mid-high frequency probe (>7 MHz)
Empty bladder
Better spatial resolution and Doppler evaluation
Identify the following structures on a normal female sagittal pelvic MRI.
Bladder
Uterus
Cervix
Fornices
Rectum
Pouch of Douglas
Ovaries
Identify the following structures on a normal female axial pelvic MRI.
- Rectus abdominis muscle
- External iliac vein
- External iliac artery
- Right ovary
- Uterus
- Left ovary
- Ilium
- Rectum
- Sacrum
Where do most cervical squamous cell carcinomas grow?
At the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ)
What is the difference in growth patterns based on age?
Younger women: Exophytic (outward)
Elderly: Endophytic (inward)
In younger women, the SCJ is located outside the external uterine os, and the tumour tends to grow outward (exophytic growth pattern).
In elderly patients, the SCJ is located within the cervical canal and the cancer tends to grow
inward along the cervical canal (endophytic growth pattern).
Identify the pathology.
Cervical Carcinoma
What are the three manifestations of endometriosis?
Superficial (peritoneal)
Ovarian
Deep infiltrating endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological condition
defined as the presence of functional endometrial glands
and stroma-like lesions outside the uterus.
It manifests in three ways; superficial (peritoneal) disease,
ovarian disease and deep infiltrating endometriosis, which
is the most complex and surgically challenging form.
What kidney complication is associated with bladder endometriosis?
Bilateral hydronephrosis
What is the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis?
Laparoscopic diagnosis
Identify the pathology.
Leiomyoma.
What is the proliferative cell type in sub-serosal leiomyomas?
Smooth muscle
Histologically,
leiomyomas are characterised by
bundles of normal smooth muscle that
mimic the appearance of the normal
myometrium.
Where in the uterus can leiomyomas occur?
What is the lower limit of the mass seen on axial MRI for endometrial carcinoma?
The lesion extends to the cervix
Where can endometrial carcinoma metastasise?
To the lungs
A 25 year old female presents with 18 months of amenorrhea and
unsuccessful attempts at falling pregnant. On general inspection she is obese and hirsute.
What is her diagnosis?
PCOS
Idenitfy the ovaries in this woman with PCOS.
Note the enlarged size, increased
follicle count and peripheral
arrangement of the follicles
What are the diagnostic criteria for PCOS?
Ovulatory dysfunction
Clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism
Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
The diagnosis of PCOS generally requires any two
of the following three criteria for the diagnosis, as
well as the exclusion of other aetiologies
(congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen
secreting tumours, Cushing syndrome, thyroid
dysfunction and hyperprolactinaemia)
A 60 year old female presents with a distended abdomen and pelvic pain.
Identify the uterous and uterine tubes.
What mass is evident?
Ovarian mass evident.
Surgically proven to be a serous
cystadenoma.
A 40 year old female presents with
abdominopelvic pain and increasing
distension.
What structure is the pathology
associated with in this CT?
A cystic, enhancing lesion is noted in
the right adnexa.
A 30 year old female presents with
lower abdominal pain. Her urine beta
hCG is is positive
What does the transvaginal ultrasound
demonstrate?
What diagnosis do you suspect?
Empty uterus.
Ectopic preganancy.
