Female Reproductive Flashcards
(27 cards)
When is meiosis arrested?
During development, after crossing over.
What is Turner’s syndrome?
Absence of all or part of a second X chromosome (45, X). Atrophic ovaries, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and lymphedema
What does the uterovaginal primordium become?
The uterus and upper part of the vagina
What gives rise to the labia majora and minora?
Labioscrotal swellings (labia majora) and urogenital folds (labia minora)
What is Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome
absence of the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina with normal ovulation but not menstruation. Caused by agenesis of the mullerian duct
What is in the cortex and medulla of the ovary?
Cortex: primordial follicles. Medulla: blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.
What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases
What occurs during the follicular phase?
Development of a primordial follicle into a preovulatory, antral, or graafian follicle
What occurs during the ovulatory phase?
Rupture of the graafian follicle, completion of meiosis, and release of the now secondary oocyte from the ovary
What occurs in the luteal phase?
transformation of the residual mural granulosa cell layer and theca interna cells in a vascularized, steroid-producing corpus luteum
What are the steps of the follicular phase?
Primordial follicle (single squamous layer), primary follicle (single cuboidal layer), secondary follicle (multilayered), preovulatory or antral follicle
What does the theca interna produce?
Androstenedione
What prevents primary oocytes from completing meiosis 1?
Oocyte maturation inhibitor secreted by granulosa cells. Just before ovulation, the oocytes produces maturation promoting factor which induces completion of meiosis I and formation of the first polar body
Where is prolactin secreted?
Acidophils in the anterior pituitary
What is the main inhibitor of prolactin
Dopamine
What is the major stimulus of prolactin secretion?
Suckling during lactation
What does a prolactin-secreting adenoma of the anterior hypophysis cause?
Hyperprolactinemia –> galactorrhea (nonpuerperal milk secretion)
What are the three steps of lactation?
Mammogenesis (stimulated by estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy), lactogenesis (stimulated after parturition by prolactin), and galactopoiesis (stimulated by prolactin and oxytocin)
What secretes GnRH
neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
Where is FSH released?
From the basophilic gonadotrophs
What does FSH stimulate granulosa cells to secrete?
Estradiol, inhibin, and activin
What does a lack of FSH and LH lead to?
Infertility
What do activin and inhibin do?
Stimulate or suppress the release of GnRH
Where is oxytocin synthesized?
In the paraventricula nucleus of the hypothalamus
