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Repro Revision > Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during the follicular phase?

A

Oocyte goes through multiple developmental stages, oestradiol is secreted

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2
Q

What hormone is secreted during the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone

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3
Q

What is the basic anatomy of the ovary in most species?

A

Germinal epithelium over cortex, medulla central with lymph and blood vessels

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4
Q

What are the four main stages of follicular development?

A

Primordial follicles become primary follicles – flattened shape changes to a cuboidal shape
Secondary follicles – additional layers of cells surround the edge
Tertiary follicle – formation of fluid filled space called antrum
Dominant follicle – large antrum

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5
Q

How does the equine ovary differ?

A

Inverse appearance, cortex is on the inside – follicles only rupture at ovarian/ovulation fossa

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6
Q

How does the broad ligament form?

A

Tract grows and pushes against peritoneum, peritoneum fuses to form the broad ligament

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7
Q

What are the functions of the broad ligament?

A

Supports and suspends ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix and anterior vagina & houses vascular supply, lymphatic drainage and nerves

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8
Q

What are the three components of the broad ligament?

A

Mesovarium – houses blood and lymphatics supply ovary
Mesosalpinx – supports oviducts and serves as burse like pouch surrounding ovary
Mesometrium – supports uterine horns and body of uterus

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9
Q

What other supporting ligaments are involved?

A

Suspensory ligament of ovary
Proper ligament of ovary (= proper ligament of testis) – utero-ovarian ligament
Round ligament of uterus – runs caudal from tip of the uterine horn to the inguinal canal

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10
Q

What are the four concentric layers of the female reproductive tract?

A

Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa – mucosa varies depending on area of the tract

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11
Q

What are the three regions of the uterine tube?

A

Infundibulum, ampulla & isthmus

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12
Q

What is the blood supply to the ovary and uterine horn?

A

Ovarian artery supplies the ovary, a branch termed ‘uterine branch’ supplies the tip of the uterine horn

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13
Q

What does the intertwining of the ovarian artery & vein allow?

A

PGF2α to transfer from the ovarian vein to the ovarian artery

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14
Q

What is the structure of the uterus?

A

Serosa (perimetrium), myometrium (muscularis) & endometrium (submucosa and mucosa)

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15
Q

What are the three types of uterus?

A

Duplex – two cervical canals, separate uterine horns
Bicornuate – two uterine horns, small uterine body
Simplex – single uterine body (no uterine horns)

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16
Q

When do uterine gland secretions increase?

A

Under the influence of progesterone

17
Q

How does uterine tissue differ amongst the common species?

A

Sow & mare – many endometrial folds

Cow & ewe – caruncles protrude from endometrial surface

18
Q

How does uterus morphology differ amongst the common species?

A

Cow & sow – long coiled horns, ovary positioned close to body of uterus
Mare & bitch – straighter horns, ovary position more sublumbar

19
Q

What blood supply branches from the internal iliac artery?

A

Uterine artery (runs within the broad ligament) & vaginal artery

20
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the cervix?

A

Columnar – many crypts & glands

21
Q

How many cervical rings/folds are found in the common species?

A

Single – bitch & queen

Multiple – cow, ewe & sow

22
Q

Why does the cervix degree of patency vary?

A

Interlocking folds (cow, ewe), spiral interlocking folds (sow), loosely apposed folds (mare)

23
Q

What are the two main areas of the vagina?

A

Cranial vagina – secretory epithelium

Caudal vagina – stratified squamous epithelium

24
Q

Where is the vestibule situated?

A

Between urethral orifice and vulva

25
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the vestibule?

A

Stratified squamous in all species

26
Q

What are the hormonal effects on the caudal vagina?

A

Oestrogen dominance causes the squamous epithelium to thicken

27
Q

What would you see from a vaginal swab of a bitch on oestrus?

A

Anuclear epithelial cells, large intermediate epithelial cells & erythrocytes

28
Q

What are the functions of the vestibule?

A

Joint uro-genital junction – contains the external urethral orifice

29
Q

What does the vulva comprise?

A

Labia, dorsal commissure, ventral commissure

30
Q

What is housed within the ventral commissure?

A

Clitoris, including clitoral fossa and clitoral sinus, housed under a transfer frenulum

31
Q

When would clitoral swabs be taken?

A

Routine pre-breeding screen for venereal pathogens

32
Q

What is the innervation of the female reproductive tract?

A

Autonomic NS
Ovaries – SNS from mesenteric plexus
Uterus, cervix, vagina – PSNS and SNS from pelvic plexus

33
Q

Describe the embryology of the main areas of the reproductive tract

A

Uterine tube, uterus & vagina – develop from paramesonephric ducts
Vestibule, vulval & clitoris – developed from urogenital sinus

34
Q

General speaking, what are the functions of the various organs of the female reproductive tract?

A

Ovary – germ cell producing
Uterine tube & uterus – conducing organs
Uterus – organ providing space for development
Vagina & vestibule – copulatory organs

35
Q

What are the functions of the uterine tube?

A

Sperm transport and storage, catching the oocyte, oocyte transport, environment for fertilisation, gamete transport

36
Q

What are the functions of the uterus?

A

Production of prostaglandin to control cyclical activity, sperm transport/storage, environment for early embryo, contribution to the placenta, parturition

37
Q

What are the functions of the cervix?

A

Barrier to uterus during pregnancy and other stages except oestrus, produces mucus during oestrus which acts as a lubricant for mating, level of patency during oestrus varies with species (barrier to sperm transport in cows & ewes, allows sperm transport in mares, sows & bitches)

38
Q

What are the functions of the vagina?

A

Copulation, parturition & micturition

39
Q

What is the crypt formed in the cow, mare and bitch when the cervix protrudes into the cranial vagina?

A

The fornix vagina

Repro Revision (38 decks)

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