Female reproductive anatomy

Question 1

what structure constitute the birth canal?

Answer 1

cervix
vagina
vulva

Question 2

what are the layers of the uterus?

Answer 2

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

Question 3

what is the rectouterine pouch?

Answer 3

space between the uterus and the rectum

Question 4

what is the uterovesical pouch?

Answer 4

space between the bladder and the uterus

Question 5

what area of the uterine body does the lower segment develop from during pregnancy?

Answer 5

isthmus

Question 6

when delivering a baby by c-section which part of the uterus is opened?

Answer 6

the lower part

Question 7

what is the isthmus?

Answer 7

narrow area between the cavity and vagina

becomes the lower segment of the uterus as it expands during pregnancy

Question 8

what is the normal position of the uterus?

Answer 8

ante flexed

anteverted

Question 9

what can happen during a pregnancy if the uterus is retroflexed and retroverted?

Answer 9

increased pressure on the bladder = incontinence
may also cause back pain in some women
don’t typically cause serious complications

Question 10

at any surgical management of miscarriage why might it be important to know prior to instrumentation wether the uterus is retroverted or anteverted?

Answer 10

to minimise risk of perforation of the uterus with instrumentation

Question 11

what are the fonices of the vagina?

Answer 11

recesses created by the vagina portion of the cervix

lateral and posterior fornices

Question 12

how can you access the rectouterine pouch?

Answer 12

through the posterior fornix

Question 13

what are the main ligaments which help secure the ovaries and uterus?

Answer 13

round ligament of uterus
ligament of ovary
suspensory ligament of ovary
broad ligament

Question 14

what is it mean by a tubal/ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 14

blastocyst fails to reach the uterus and implants in the fallopian tube

Question 15

what is a corneal ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 15

implantation occurs in one of the cavities of the horns of a bicornuate uterus

Question 16

what are the parts of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 16

fimbriae
infundibulum
ampulla
uterine / intramural part

Question 17

what part of the fallopian tube does fertillization occur?

Answer 17

ampulla

Question 18

what ligament suspends from the ovaries to the uterus?

Answer 18

ovarian ligament

Question 19

what ligament is attached to the ovary and the lateral pelvic wall?

Answer 19

suspensory ligament of ovary

Question 20

what is ligament is attached to the uterus and the pelvic wall?

Answer 20

round ligament of uterus

Question 21

what runs within the suspensory ligament?

Answer 21

ovarian artery

Question 22

where does the ovarian artery arise from and at what point?

Answer 22

abdominal aorta

L2

Question 23

into which lymph group does the ovaries drain?

Answer 23

lumbar , para aortic

Question 24

what artery does the ovarian artery anatomise with?

Answer 24

uterine artery

can often replace the ovarian artery

Question 25

into which vessels does the ovarian vein drain into?

Answer 25

left - left renal vein | right - IVC

Question 26

into which lymph group does the labia and distal vagina drain?

Answer 26

sacral lymph group

Question 27

from which ribs does the breast lie vertically?

Answer 27

2nd to 6th ribs

Question 28

what are the main lymph groups which drain from the breast?

Answer 28

parasternal axillary pectoral supraclavicular

Question 29

into which group of lymph nodes does the fungus and upper uterus drain into?

Answer 29

pre aortic lymph group

Question 30

into which group of lymph nodes does the main body of uterus drain into?

Answer 30

internal iliac lymph group

Question 31

into which group of lymph nodes does the cervix and upper vagina drain into?

Answer 31

internal iliac and sacral

Question 32

into which group of lymph nodes does the lower vagina drain into?

Answer 32

sacral

Question 33

what are 4 functions of the placenta?

Answer 33

gas exchange release hormones provide nutrients attaches foetus to uterine wall

Question 34

when does the placenta physiologically separate from the uterine wall?

Answer 34

third stage of labour after delivery of the foetus

Question 35

what is the name of the gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord?

Answer 35

wharton's jelly

Question 36

what procedure can be carried out to investigate the uterus and fallopian tubes?

Answer 36

hysterosalpingography

Question 37

what ligaments hold the ovaries in place?

Answer 37

suspensory ligament of ovary | ovarian ligament

Question 38

what complications can arise from a septum in the uterus?

Answer 38

``` infertility miscarriage abnormal lie in pregnancy dyspareunia no effect ```

Question 39

what ligaments support the uterus?

Answer 39

uterosacral ligament | lateral /transverse cervical ligament

Question 40

what ligament is found on the inferior border of the broad ligaments and contains the uterine artery and veins?

Answer 40

cardinal ligament