Female Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

3 layers of uterus (outermost > innermost)

Answer 1

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 2

What area of the uterus does upper segment develop from

Answer 2

uterine body

Question 3

What area of the uterine body does lower segment develop from

Answer 3

the area between cervix and uterus

Question 4

What is the normal position of the uterus

Answer 4

Anteflexed and anteverted

Question 5

What is the clinical significance of the posterior fornix?

Answer 5

Common site for spread of pathology because it is closely associated to the Pouch of Douglas [lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position (fluid collects)]. Culdocentesis
Eg ascites, tumor, endometriosis, pus

Question 6

Name 4 ligaments that anchor uterus and cervix

Answer 6

Ligament of ovary
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Round ligament of uterus
Broad ligament

Question 7

Which ligament is called the cardinal ligament of the uterus? other names of the cardinal ligament

Answer 7

Mackenrodt’s ligaments (other names):
lateral
transverse

Question 8

Apart from pelvic fascia, what other structure in the pelvis is also an important support of the uterus

Answer 8

Round ligament
Cardinal ligaments
Pubocervical ligaments
Uterosacal ligament

Question 9

What is embryological significance of the round-ligament? Where does it attach and insert?

Answer 9

remnant of embryonic gubernaculum

Originates from uterus and passes through the inguinal canal

Question 10

Name 4 parts of fallopian tubes

Answer 10

Fimbriae, Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural/interstitial

Question 11

Longest and widest part of fallopian tube

Answer 11

Ampulla

Question 12

Fertilisation occurs in which part of the uterine tube

Answer 12

Ampulla

Question 13

What is a cornual ectopic

Answer 13

implantation in interstitial part of fallopian tube

Question 14

What are the 2 ligaments associated with the ovary

Answer 14

ligament of ovary

Suspensory ligament of ovary

Question 15

Which ligament attaches from uterus to ovary

Answer 15

ligament of ovary

Question 16

Which ligament attaches from ovary to lateral pelvic wall?

Answer 16

suspensory ligament of ovary

Question 17

What are the 2 arteries that deliver blood supply to gonads and genitalia - 2 major branches from the aorta

Answer 17

Gonadal arteries

Internal iliac arteries

Question 18

At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries originate

Answer 18

L1-2

Question 19

Drainage of the left gonadal vein

Answer 19

Into left renal vein > IVC

Question 20

Drainage of right gonadal vein

Answer 20

IVC

Question 21

At what level does the uterine artery cross over the ureter?

Answer 21

level of ischial spine

water under the bridge

Question 22

Lymphatic drainage of fundus and upper uterine body

Answer 22

pre-aortic group of lymph nodes

Question 23

Lymphatic drainage of most part of uterine body

Answer 23

External iliac LN

Question 24

Lymphatic drainage of uterine cervix, upper vagina

Answer 24

internal iliac, sacral

Question 25

Lymphatic drainage of lower vagina

Answer 25

superficial inguinal

Question 26

The breast extends from __ rib to __ rib and horizontally from lateral border of sternum to ___ line

Answer 26

2-6 rib | Mid axillary line

Question 27

Deep to the breasts are 3 muscles

Answer 27

Pec major, pec minor, serratus anterior

Question 28

The breasts are supplied by branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries [3]

Answer 28

Internal thoracic artery Thoracoacromial artery Lateral thoracic artery

Question 29

3 main groups of LN draining breast tissue

Answer 29

parasternal, axillary, supra-clavicular

Question 30

4 functions of placenta

Answer 30

Gaseous exchange Nutrient transfer Excretion of waste products from fetus Immunity: maternal IGg at transfer to fetus

Question 31

When does placenta physiologically separate from uterine wall

Answer 31

Third stage of labour after delivery of fetus

Question 32

How many umbilical arteries are there in a cross section of the umbilical cord

Answer 32

2

Question 33

What is the function of umbilical arteries in fetal circulation

Answer 33

Carrying de-oxygenated blood to placenta

Question 34

What is the function of umbilical veins in fetal circulation

Answer 34

Carrying oxygenated blood

Question 35

Which umbilical vein persists during fetal criculation

Answer 35

umbilical vein > ligamentum teres | falciform ligament of liver

Question 36

What is the name of the fascia that stretches between right and left sides of the pubic arch below the pubic symphysis

Answer 36

perineal membrane

Question 37

What lies in the sub peritoneal space? | What lies in the deep perineal space/pouch?

Answer 37

Subperitoneal space - internal urethral sphincter Deep perineal space - deep transverse perineal muscle, external urethral sphincter

Question 38

What lies in the superficial perineal pouch/space?

Answer 38

Superficial transverse perineal muscle Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus

Question 39

What fascia separates the superficial and deep perineal space?

Answer 39

Perineal membrane