Female Reproductive Cycle

Question 0

proliferative phase endometrial measurement

Answer 0

2-8 mm

Question 1

secretory phase endometrial measurement

Answer 1

7-14 mm

Question 2

normal endometrial thickness during menstruation

Answer 2

< 1 mm

Question 3

Where is GnRH released from?

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

What is GnRH?

Answer 4

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 5

Where is FSH released from?

Answer 5

anterior pituitary gland

Question 6

Where is LH released from?

Answer 6

anterior pituitary gland

Question 7

What does GnRH stimulate?

Answer 7

the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH & LH

Question 8

What does FSH stimulate?

Answer 8

follicular growth (begins estrogen production)

Question 9

What does LH stimulate?

Answer 9

ovulation (stimulates corpus luteum & production of estrogen, progesterone & relaxin)

Question 10

What two hormones are known as gonadotropins?

Answer 10

FSH & LH

Question 11

What triggers the hypothalamus to release GnRH?

Answer 11

low levels of estrogen during menstruation

Question 12

What is a Graafian follicle?

Answer 12

the primary follicle, chosen to mature and release its oocyte

Question 13

What hormonal change triggers ovulation?

Answer 13

surge of LH caused by a sharp peak in estrogen secretion from the mature follicle; FSH secretion inhibited by increased estrogen levels

Question 14

What is the fate of the Graafian follicle?

Answer 14

bursts at ovulation and becomes the corpus luteum, or fails to burst and degenerates, forming a corpus fibrosum

Question 15

What is the fate of the corpus luteum?

Answer 15

grows to maintain a pregnancy, or degenerates to become a corpus albicans

Question 16

What is the function of the corpus luteum?

Answer 16

secretes hormones that prepare the endometrium for implantation and maintain it until the placenta is established

Question 17

What hormonal changes occur after ovulation?

Answer 17

the corpus luteum secretes higher levels of progesterone, and lessens estrogen secretion

Question 18

When does the corpus luteum begin to degenerate?

Answer 18

10-12 days post-ovulation, day 22-24 of the woman’s cycle

Question 19

What hormonal change triggers menstruation?

Answer 19

estrogen and progesterone levels fall: the corpus luteum degenerates, failing to maintain the endometrial lining

Question 20

proliferative phase, aka

Answer 20

follicular phase

Question 21

follicular phase, aka

Answer 21

proliferative phase

Question 22

secretory phase, aka

Answer 22

luteal phase

Question 23

luteal phase, aka

Answer 23

secretory phase

Question 24

The menstrual phase comprises which days of the female cycle?

Answer 24

days 1-5

Question 25

The proliferative phase comprises which days of the female cycle?

Answer 25

days 6-14

Question 26

Ovulation occurs on which day of the female cycle?

Answer 26

day 14

Question 27

The secretory phase comprises which days of the female cycle?

Answer 27

days 14-28

Question 28

Where is estrogen secreted, specifically?

Answer 28

granulosa cells of ovarian follicles

Question 29

What does estrogen stimulate?

Answer 29

release of LH upon peak, proliferation of endometrium

Question 30

What does progesterone stimulate?

Answer 30

hypertrophy of the endometrium

Question 31

When is progesterone production at it's peak?

Answer 31

7 days post-ovulation

Question 32

What hormone does progesterone inhibit?

Answer 32

LH

Question 33

List two applications of relaxin

Answer 33

dilation of the cervix to promote sperm entry and during labour, relaxation of the symphysis pubis for flexibility during delivery

Question 34

What phase of the female cycle is also known as the 3-stripe phase?

Answer 34

proliferative/follicular

Question 35

Mittelschmerz

Answer 35

pain associated with ovulation

Question 36

During which phase of the female cycle is endometrial coaptation observed on ultrasound?

Answer 36

secretory phase

Question 37

normal thickness of a post-menopausal endometrium

Answer 37

1-5 mm

Question 38

What happens to the ruptured follicle/corpus luteum after it degenerates?

Answer 38

corpus albicans - small white scar on ovary

Question 39

cumulus oophorus

Answer 39

ovum with zona pellucida and corona radiata that is protruding from the follicle wall into the follicular fluid cavity just prior to ovulation

Question 40

What happens to the spiral arterioles during the proliferative phase

Answer 40

they undergo mitosis so quickly that they coil

Question 41

What happens to a follicle that never ruptures/ovulation never occurs?

Answer 41

corpus fibrosum - fluid reabsorbs and small scar forms

Question 42

first menses

Answer 42

menarche

Question 43

menarche

Answer 43

first menses

Question 44

perimenopause

Answer 44

irregular cycles occurring in a woman's late 40's, prior to menopause

Question 45

irregular cycles occurring in a woman's late 40's, prior to menopause

Answer 45

perimenopause

Question 46

menopause

Answer 46

1 year without menses

Question 47

What is responsible for rhythmic contractions in the fallopian tubes?

Answer 47

estrogen

Question 48

What stimulates cervical mucus secretion?

Answer 48

estrogen

Question 49

What causes an increase in body temperature during the female cycle?

Answer 49

progesterone secretion at ovulation

Question 50

uterine mucosa, aka

Answer 50

endometrium

Question 51

premenstrual phase, aka

Answer 51

secretory phase

Question 52

progestational phase, aka

Answer 52

secretory phase

Question 53

pseudodecidual phase, aka

Answer 53

secretory phase

Question 54

The endometrium is normally 2-8 mm during which phase of the female cycle?

Answer 54

proliferative

Question 55

The endometrium is normally 7-14 mm during which phase of the female cycle?

Answer 55

secretory

Question 56

immature Graafian follicle measurement

Answer 56

1 mm

Question 57

mature Graafian follicle measurement at ovulation

Answer 57

18-27 mm

Question 58

How long before the corpus luteum degenerates, if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 58

10-12 days