Female Reproductive System Flashcards
(27 cards)
Hyster/o, metr/
Uterus Hysterectomy, endometritis (inflammation of the lining of uterus)
Salping/o, -salpinx
Oviduct, Uterine tube
Colp/o
Vagina
Oophor/o
Ovary Oophorectomy, oophoropexy (surgery fixation, reattachment)
Men/o
Menstruation Menarche (first), dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation)
Mamm/o, mast/o
Breast Mammogram, mastectomy
-pareunia, coitus
Intercourse Dyspareunia (painful intercourse), precoital, postcoital (before and after intercourse)
Episiotomy
a surgical procedure cutting into the perineal area, the area between the vagina and anus in order to prevent tearing of tissues when the baby’s head traverses the vaginal opening.
Hysterosalpingogram
special X-rays of the uterus and uterine tubes involving passing an opaque dye backwards up through the uterus to determine if the tubes are patent. Since the tubes are open into the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity, if patent, dye should spill out of the end of the tubes and be manifest on the X-ray.
Colposcopy
using a magnifying instrument to inspect the interior of the vagina and cervix, the entrance to the uterus.
Dilatation and curettage (D & C)
dilating the cervix, the entrance into the uterus, and passing instruments that enable scraping off superficial layers of the endometrium. May be done as an early therapeutic abortion, or following a normal pregnancy to remove residual tissue remaining in the uterus, or may be done as a diagnostic procedure to examine lining tissue of the uterus.
Mammoplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the breast may involve breast enlargement or reduction or cosmetic reconstruction after mastectomy. What are the risk factors of developing breast cancer? Check out this women’s health link for answers.
-para
Live birth Nullipara (no live births), multipara (many live births)
Pudendal block
An anesthetic administered to block sensation around the lower vagina and perineum. This facilitates performing an episiotomy (see above) allowing passage of the baby’s head while avoiding uncontrolled tearing of tissues. By the way, pudendal, an ancient name for external genitalia, means “that which we should be ashamed of” in Latin. Even Adam and Eve wore fig leaves!
-gravida
Pregnancy Nulligravida (never pregnant), primigravida (first-time pregnant), multigravida (many pregnancies)
Part/o, toc/o
Labor/birth/delivery Prepartum, postpartum (before and after delivery), dystocia (difficult delivery)
Abruptio placentae
(Latin, “breaking off”). Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta before full term. Occurs in only about 1% of pregnancies. However, it has a 20-40% fetal mortality rate and is a significant contributor to maternal mortality.
Placenta previa
(Latin, “leading the way”). A placenta implanted over the cervical region of the uterus blocking the entrance to the birth canal. Occurs in less than one percent of pregnancies, but can cause significant bleeding and require a complicated delivery.
Eclampsia
(toxemia of pregnancy )- a serious and life-threatening condition that may develop during pregnancy involving hypertension, convulsions and coma. A less severe form, preeclampsia, may develop but can be managed if identified and treated early.
Ectopic pregnancy
(Greek, “out of place”). A pregnancy implanted anywhere outside of the uterus. The uterine tube (Fallopian tube) is the most common location, also called a “tubal pregnancy”. The abdominal cavity is the least common location. Occurs in about 2% of pregnancies. When it occurs, it is a surgical emergency, because the uterine tube cannot sustain tremendous expansion like the uterus. Eventually, the uterine tube will rupture with severe, possibly fatal, hemorrhaging.
Episi/o
vulva
Gyn/o, genec/o
woman
Mast/o
breats, mammary gland
Metr/o, metr/i
uterus
