Female Reproductive system

Question 1

Where is the egg fertilized

Answer 1

Oviduct

Question 2

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

A process where offspring are produced from a single parent, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

Question 3

What are examples of asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Binary fission in bacteria, budding in yeast, and vegetative propagation in plants (e.g., runners in strawberries).

Question 4

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction in the wild?

Answer 4

It allows rapid population growth and is energy-efficient, as no mate is needed.

Question 5

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction in the wild?

Answer 5

Low genetic variation, which can lead to vulnerability to diseases or environmental changes.

Question 6

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction in crop production?

Answer 6

It allows for the production of uniform crops, ensuring consistency in yield and quality.

Question 7

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction in crop production?

Answer 7

Lack of genetic variation, which makes crops more susceptible to pests and diseases.

Question 8

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 8

A process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote, resulting in offspring that are genetically different from each other.

Question 9

What is fertilisation?

Answer 9

The fusion of the nuclei of male and female gametes (sperm and egg).

Question 10

What is the ploidy of gametes and zygotes?

Answer 10

Gametes are haploid (one set of chromosomes), while a zygote is diploid (two sets of chromosomes).

Question 11

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction in the wild?

Answer 11

Increases genetic diversity, which helps populations adapt to changing environments and resist diseases.

Question 12

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction in the wild?

Answer 12

It requires energy for finding a mate and produces fewer offspring.

Question 13

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction in crop production?

Answer 13

Genetic variation can lead to more resilient crops, potentially offering better yields.

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction in crop production?

Answer 14

It can be less predictable in terms of crop quality and yield.

Question 15

Name the parts of an insect-pollinated flower.

Answer 15

Sepals, petals, stamens (filament, anthers), carpels (style, stigma, ovary, ovules).

Question 16

What are the functions of the parts of an insect-pollinated flower?

Answer 16

Sepals: Protect the flower bud.
Petals: Attract pollinators.
Stamens: Produce pollen.
Carpels: Contain ovules for fertilisation.

Question 17

What are the adaptations of insect-pollinated flowers?

Answer 17

Brightly colored petals, nectar, sticky pollen, and a large, often scented flower to attract insects.

Question 18

What are the adaptations of wind-pollinated flowers?

Answer 18

Small, green, odorless flowers, long, feathery stigmas, and large amounts of lightweight pollen.

Question 19

What is pollination?

Answer 19

The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma.

Question 20

What happens during fertilisation?

Answer 20

The pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in an ovule to form a zygote.

Question 21

What environmental conditions affect seed germination?

Answer 21

Seeds require water, oxygen, and a suitable temperature to germinate.

Question 22

What is self-pollination?

Answer 22

Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.

Question 23

What is cross-pollination?

Answer 23

Transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species.

Question 24

What are the effects of self-pollination and cross-pollination on a population?

Answer 24

Self-pollination: Low variation, less adaptability to environmental changes.
Cross-pollination: Higher variation, better adaptability, and reliance on pollinators.

Question 25

Describe the process of pollen tube growth and fertilisation.

Answer 25

The pollen tube grows from the stigma to the ovule, where the pollen nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus.

Question 26

Identify parts of the male reproductive system.

Answer 26

Testes (produce sperm), scrotum (houses testes), sperm ducts (carry sperm), prostate gland (produces semen), urethra (releases sperm), penis (delivers sperm).

Question 27

Identify parts of the female reproductive system.

Answer 27

Ovaries (produce eggs), oviducts (carry eggs), uterus (houses the fetus), cervix (opens to vagina), vagina (birth canal).

Question 28

What is fertilisation in humans?

Answer 28

The fusion of the sperm and egg nuclei to form a zygote.

Question 29

What are the adaptive features of sperm?

Answer 29

Flagellum: Provides motility. Mitochondria: Provide energy for movement. Acrosome: Contains enzymes to break down the egg’s outer layer.

Question 30

What are the adaptive features of egg cells?

Answer 30

Energy stores: Provide nutrients for the developing embryo. Jelly coat: Protects the egg and changes after fertilisation to prevent multiple sperm from entering.

Question 31

Compare male and female gametes.

Answer 31

Male gametes (sperm): Small, motile, produced in large numbers. Female gametes (egg): Larger, non-motile, produced in limited numbers.

Question 32

What is the early development of a zygote?

Answer 32

The zygote forms into an embryo, which is a ball of cells that implants into the uterus lining.

Question 33

Identify parts of the fetus development.

Answer 33

Umbilical cord: Connects the fetus to the placenta. Placenta: Facilitates nutrient and gas exchange. Amniotic sac: Surrounds and protects the fetus. Amniotic fluid: Cushions and protects the fetus.

Question 34

What is the function of the placenta and umbilical cord?

Answer 34

The placenta exchanges nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and fetus. The umbilical cord connects them.

Question 35

What can pass through the placenta to affect the fetus?

Answer 35

Some pathogens and toxins can pass across the placenta and affect the fetus.

Question 36

What are the roles of testosterone and oestrogen during puberty?

Answer 36

Testosterone: Stimulates male secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., facial hair, deep voice). Oestrogen: Stimulates female secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., breast development, menstrual cycle).

Question 37

Describe the menstrual cycle.

Answer 37

The cycle involves changes in the ovaries (egg release) and uterus (lining thickening and shedding if no fertilisation occurs).

Question 38

Where are oestrogen and progesterone produced during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy?

Answer 38

Oestrogen: Produced by the ovaries during the first half of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone: Produced by the ovaries after ovulation and during pregnancy.

Question 39

How do hormones control the menstrual cycle and pregnancy?

Answer 39

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone): Stimulates egg development. LH (Luteinising Hormone): Triggers ovulation. Oestrogen: Stimulates thickening of the uterine lining. Progesterone: Maintains the uterine lining for pregnancy.