Female reproductive system

Question 1

Ovaries – female gonads that lie in shallow depressions on each side of the upper pelvic cavity.

Answer 1

Produce oocyt e (the egg) and sex hormones.

Question 2

Follicles – In the cortex of the ovary.

Answer 2

Each contains an immature oocyte. There are 700 000 follicles at birth however, only 400 mature.

Question 3

Oviducts (fallopian tubes)

Answer 3

Conduct oocyte; location of fertilization; transport early zygote (fertilized egg)

Question 4

Corpus luteum – if is made after the follicle ruptures and the oocyte is release. The corpus luteum eventually disintegrates. Gland like structure.

Answer 4

Produces the sex hormones progesterone and some estrogen.

Question 5

Uterus – thick-walled, muscular organ about the size and shape of an inverted pair

Answer 5

Houses developing fetus

Question 6

Endometrium – lining of the uterus

Answer 6

Participates in the formation of the placenta – supplies nutrients for fetal development. Varies in level of thickness according to the monthly cycle



Question 7

Cervix – narrow end of the uterus, leads to the vagina.

Answer 7

Contains opening to uterus

Question 8

Vagina – the tube that lies at a 45 degree angle to the small of the back.

Answer 8

Receives penis during sexual intercourse; serves as birth canal and as the exit for menstrual flow.

Question 9

Clitoris –part of the vulva (external genitals) by the vagina opening

Answer 9

Gland of sexual arousal and like he penis, contains erectile tissue that becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation

Question 10

GnRH – gonadotropin releasing hormone

Answer 10

Made in the hypothalamus. It acts on the anterior pituitary. It is released during the follicular phase. It causes FSH to be made and released and LH to be made and released as well

Question 11

FSH – follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 11

Made in the anterior pituitary. It acts on the follicle to help the follicle grow and mature. (also made during the follicular phases.

Question 12

LH – leutenizing hormone

Answer 12

Made in anterior pituitary. it acts on the follicle during the luteal phase to make the follicle turn into the corpus luteum and acts during the ovulation phase to help eggs burst out (ovulation)

Question 13

Estrogen

Answer 13

Made in the follicle, inside the ovary. During the follicular phase it acts upon the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to stop the production of FSH. Also it act upon the endometrium during this phase to begin to grow. Then finally during this phase it also acts upon the hypothalamus to release GNRH to stimulate LH production of the anterior pituitary.

Question 14

Progesterone

Answer 14

Made in the corpus luteum during the luteal phase to act upon the endometrium (secretory phase). Also during the luteal phase it acts upon anterior pituitary to stop the production of LH

Question 15

Menstrual Phase

Answer 15

Days 1-5: low levels of estrogen and progesterone cause the endometrium to break down (uterus lining) to then be shed in the form of menstrual blood.

Question 16

Follicular Phase

Answer 16

FSH from the anterior pituitary acts on the ovaries to produce several follicles. One follicle will reach maturity and start becoming an egg

Question 17

Ovulatory Phase

Answer 17

Days 10-18: Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary release a lot of LH midway through this cycle. This causes the mature follicle to burt out and release an egg during this time. ovulation usually is about day 14.

Question 18

Luteal Phase

Answer 18

Days 15-28: After releasing an egg the ruptured follicle develops into a corpus luteum, which secretes increasing amounts of progesterone. Progesterone cause endometrium to thicken