Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What is located in the perineum?

Answer 1

Inferior part of vagina
Perineal muscles
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
Labia

Question 2

What is located in the female pelvic cavity?

Answer 2

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina

Question 3

What is the primary female reproductive organ?

Answer 3

• ovaries

rest are accessory organs

Question 4

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 4

• thin serous membrane layer
• covers the internal aspect of the
• —-parietal peritoneum: in contact with the body wall

Question 5

most important pouch of the female

Answer 5

• recto-uterine pouch
  (aka Pouch of Douglas)
  —–when upright; excess of abnormal fluid will collect in the pouch of douglas

Question 6

How to drain fluid from the pouch of Douglas?

Answer 6

-inserting a needle in thhrough the posterior fornix of the vagina

Question 7

What is the pouch in the males called?

Answer 7

• recto-vesicle pouch

Question 8

Which part of the female reproductive system is intra-peritoneal?

Answer 8

• the uterine tubes

Question 9

What part of the peritoneum forms the floor of the peritoneal cavity and ROOF over the pelvic organs?

Answer 9

• inferior part of the parietal peritoneum

Question 10

What is the extent of the broad ligament?

Answer 10

• extends to the lateral walls of the uterus to the lateral walls of the body wall

Question 11

What is the round ligament said to be a part of?

Answer 11

• embryonic remnant of the Gubernaculum

- thought to guide the ovaries from the posterior abdominal wall to down in to the pelvis.

Question 12

What is the role of the broad ligament?

Answer 12

• maintain the uterus in its correct MIDLINE position

Question 13

What is the course of the round ligament?

Answer 13

• round ligament attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus> passes through the DEEP inguinal RING to attach to the SUPERFICIAL tissue of the female perineum.

Question 14

WHat are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 14

• perimetrium
• myometrium
• endometrium (shed during menses)

Question 15

What does the broad ligament contain?

Answer 15

• the uterine tubes

- round ligament

Question 16

What are the 3 levels of uterine support?

Answer 16

• CERVIX UP TO SACRUM: uterosacral ligaments
• endopelvic fascia
• muscle of the pelvic floor
  ….WEAKNESS of these > uterine prolapse

Question 17

Passive support of the uterus?

Answer 17

• bladder

Question 18

Most is meant by anteverted?

Answer 18

cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 19

WHat is meant by anteflexed?

Answer 19

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix (the mass of the uterus lies over the bladder)

Question 20

What is meant by retroverted or retroflexed uterus?

Answer 20

Retroverted
cervix tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Retroflexed
uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

Question 21

What zone is sampled with the cervical smearing?

Answer 21

• the squamo-columnar junction (transformation zone)

Question 22

Site of fertilization?

Answer 22

• ampulla of the fallopian tube

Question 23

What is a bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy?

Answer 23

removal of BOTH uterine tube and ovaries

Question 24

How may an infection in a peritoneum enter the urogenital tract?

Answer 24

• the fimbirated end of the uterine tubes opens into the PERITONEAL cavity
• —–why PID can cause peritonitis
• —why ectopic pregnancy can develop in the peritoneal cavity

Question 25

What is the ovarian fossae?

Answer 25

- where the ovaries sit

Question 26

Role of ovaries?

Answer 26

- secretion of estrogen and progesterone in response to FSH and LH

Question 27

Where is the ovum released into ?

Answer 27

- the peritoneal cavity | - --to be picked up by the fimbriae of the uterine tube

Question 28

Where is the lateral fornices?

Answer 28

- superior aspect of the vagina | - near the cervix

Question 29

Clinical sign. of the lateral fornices?

Answer 29

- palpation of the adnexae (tumor/mass/tenderness)

Question 30

What is the perineum subdivided into?

Answer 30

- urogenital triangle | - anal triangle

Question 31

Most of the pelvic floor is formed by which muscle ?

Answer 31

- levator any muscle (a skeletal muscle )

Question 32

What is the action of the levator ani muscle?

Answer 32

- always tonically contracting - ----medial aspect of the levator ani m. is thought to be under smooth muscle control - reflexively contracts during situations of INCREASED abdom. pressure

Question 33

What supplies the levator ani muscle?

Answer 33

- S3, 4, 5 | - pudenal nerve (keeps the 3 Ps off the floor)

Question 34

Main perineal nerve?

Answer 34

Pudendal nerve

Question 35

What is a HIGHLY important structure of the perineum?

Answer 35

- PERINEAL BODY | - responsible for the integrity of the pelvic floor

Question 36

What is the perineal body?

Answer 36

- bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach

Question 37

What is the male contemptorary of the bartholin glands?

Answer 37

Kupfer's glands????

Question 38

A painful swelling of the posterior aspect of the labia?

Answer 38

- enlarged bartholin glands

Question 39

What is the extent of the breast tissue?

Answer 39

- rib 2 > rib 6 | - --extends around the LATERAL border of the the sternum to the Mid-axillary line (axillary breast tissue)

Question 40

What doe sthe retromammary space allow?

Answer 40

- allows the breast tissue to move relative to pectoralis major muscle

Question 41

Where are the retromammary space located?

Answer 41

- between the fascia and breast

Question 42

Why may a lump become "fixed"?

Answer 42

- sign of an invasive lump - grown into the pectoral fascia - ----can tell by asking the patient to place her hands firmly on her hips

Question 43

Describe the drainage of breast lymph?

Answer 43

INNER breast quadrants lymh drain in to the Parasternal LN> supraclavicular Ln or may cross over to the ---lower inner quadranrt ---can spread to the abdominal LN s

Question 44

Describe the blood supply of the breasts.

Answer 44

- internal thoracic artery - ----ribs 2-4 intercostal arteries supplies the lateral aspect of the breast ----lateral thoracic vein and