Feminism

Question 1

Liberal feminism

Answer 1

Frieden and Wollstonecraft
- want legal reform and formal equality
- women are also rational capable beings
- gradual reform not radical change
- stronger public sphere focus and equality
- legal equality swept out in law for voting and educational rights
- women have a change to contribute to society and economy as individuals

Question 2

Socialist feminism

Answer 2

• Sheila Rowbotham
• Charlotte Gilman
• Simone de Beauvoir to some extent
• capitalism linked to patriarchy
• women are exploited for the benefit all free labour
• they lack economic freedom as are forced to be dependent on men
• necessary revolution to reach economic independence and remove gender oppression
• change social attitudes
• removal of capitalism alone not enough to reverse discrimination
• -

Question 3

Radical feminism

Answer 3

• Kate millet
• Simone de Beauvoir (to some extent)
• remove tradition family roles
• originates in private sphere in family
• immediate change and restructuring of society
• oppression in all areas of society but originates in family
• free women from power of men

Question 4

Post-modern feminism

Answer 4

• bell hooks
• intersectionality - multiple oppressions at once
• broaden understanding of others experiences
• women unite in alliance and solidarity
• gender is a spectrum

Question 5

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 5

• liberal
  “Let women share right and she will emulate the virtues of men”
  “ i do not wish for women to have power over men but power over themselves”
• legal reform
• women as rational as men
• women not NATURALLY inferior to men in state of nature but rational
• votes, education and property rights

Question 6

Betty Friedan

Answer 6

• Liberal
• betty boop movies
• “ we need to see men and women as equal partners but it’s hard to think of movies where women are treated as full beings”
• THE FEMININE MISTIQUE - book on expectations of women
• equal rights amendment, equal pay act and NOW 1966
• “ who knows what women can be when they are finally free to become themselves”
• legal equality
• equality of opportunity
• challenged progressive laws and norms limiting women

Question 7

Sheila Rowbotham

Answer 7

• socialist
  “Revolution within a revolution” - capitalism economy and relationships need to be changed
• women exploited in free labour to benefit capitalism
• poor pay, insecure jobs, domestic labour all supporting capitalism so not changed
• need new practical strategies to remove burden off women and allow them time to d their own things, like introducing childcare services
  (Two people in a ‘row’ - two revolutions)
  (Sheila doesn’t want to do dishes for free)

Question 8

Charlotte Gilman

Answer 8

• socialist
  “Women in Economics” - economic independence and social reforms
• women dependent of men in marriage “socio-economic contract”
• socialism forces women to conform
• require equal rights
• capitalism ensures women rely on men and provide and protect workers for capitalist system
• need to free women and allow them to gain economic and social freedom
• socialisation conditions women tiny conforming to societal norms
  (Gil’man’ - men in economics)
  (‘Sh’arlotte socialisation)

Question 9

Kate Millet

Answer 9

• radical
  “Sexual politics” - birthing radical feminism
• “personal is political” - in family
• “ complete distraction of traditional marriage and the nuclear family is the ‘revolutionary or utopian’ goal of feminism”
• traditional family structure upholding patriarchy
• must remove patriarchy
  (Kate(mum)family - remove traditional roles)

Question 10

bell hooks

Answer 10

• post modern
• “ain’t i a woman” - challenges of black women
• intersectionality
• approach to tackle all oppression the overlap
• broaden feminism to ALL women not just white middle class women
• solidarity - alliances to tackle all oppression

Question 11

Simone de Beauvoir

Answer 11

• was socialist but aligns with radical so what (alone)
• “second sex” 1949
• “one is not born but becomes a women”
• OTHERNESS reinforced in all aspects of society
• sex vs gender (biological vs norms)
• otherness taught from young age that they are inferior - reinforced by family, society, media, marriage and law
• undervalued compared to men
• socialism not enough to fix problem - require radical change to how women are viewed in society